Краткий реферативный перевод третьей статьи

UNIT 5- SCIENCE

Section 1. Перевод фразеологизмов.

Существует четыре основных способа перевода образной фразеологии:

1.с помощью фразеологического эквивалента.

to pull chestnuts out of the fire for smb. — таскать каштаны из огня для кого-либо;

to play with fire — играть с огнем;

to read between lines — читать между строк.

2.с помощью фразеологического аналога.

Использование русского фразеологизма, аналогичного по смыслу английскому, но основанного на другом образе. Подобные фразеологизмы называются фразеологическими аналогами,

Move heaven and earth to get smth. — свернуть горы на пути к чему-либо;

Cry on smb's shoulder — плакаться кому-либо в жилетку;

make hay while the sun shines — куй железо, пока горячо;

scratch my back and I will scratch yours — услуга за услугу

Примечание. Национально-окрашенные фразеологизмы следует передавать русскими фразеологическими единицами, в которых национальная окраска отсутствует:

he will not set the Thames on fire — он пороха не выдумает;

to fight like Kilkenny cats — бороться не на жизнь, а на смерть

when Queen Anne was alive — во время оно;

Queen Anne is dead! — открыл Америку!;

3.с помощью калькирования.

Дословный перевод, калькирование фразеологических еди­ниц. (если образность выражения очевидна для слушателя)

put the cart before the horse — поставить телегу впереди лошади;

people who live in glass houses should not throw stones — люди, живущие в стеклянных домах, не должны бросаться камнями;

keep a dog and bark oneself — держать собаку, а лаять самому.

4. с помощью описательного перевода.

A skeleton in the cupboard — семейная тайна; неприятность, скрываемая от посторонних;

cut off with a shilling — лишиться наследства;

dine with Duke Humphrey — остаться без обеда;

Упражнение 1. Переведите следующие фразеологизмы, укажите и обоснуйте способ перевода.

1. To assume an air of injured innocence 2. A little bird told me. 3. In Rome, do as the Romans do. 4. Peeping Tom. 5. To throw sands in the wheels. 6. To kill two birds with one stone. 7. A drowning man will catch at a straw. 8. Whom the gods love die young. 9. A stitch in time saves nine. 10. Run with the hare and hunt with the hounds

11. A clever tongue will take you anywhere. 12. To gild the pill. 13. Caesar's wife is above suspicion. 14. To be afraid of one's own shadow. 15. To fish in troubled waters. 16. To make the best of a bad bargain. 17. Least said soonest mended. 18. To bite the hand that feeds you. 19. To dance to somebody's pipe. 20. To add fuel to the fire.

Упражнение 2. Match each word or phrase in the first column with the word or phrase in the second column that produces a common saying or idiom.

Bird words

1. a bird in the hand 2. birds of a feather 3. bird- 4. stool 5. bird's eye 6. to kill two birds 7. silly 8. which came first 9. he eats 10. what's sauce for the goose 11. wise old 12. bury one's head in the sand 13. crane 14. dove of 15. the early bird

a. goose b. peace c. the chicken or the egg d. is worth two in the bush e. owl f. one's neck g. catches the worm h. pigeon i. with one stone j. brain k. like an ostrich 1. like a bird m. is sauce for the gander n. view o. flock together

Упражнение 3. Переведите следующие предложения, содержащие английские фразеологические сочетания из сферы бизнеса и финансов, используя для справок определения выделенных курсивом выражений

(источник: Б. Хошовская. Идиоматические выражения в де­ловом английском языке. -СПб.: Лань, 1997):

1. The proposal went over big with big business, [to go over big - to succeed; to be approved of] [big business - the world of large, powerful business organizations]
2. In the times of stagflation many overseas companies pulled over, but somehow we managed to buck the trend, [stagflation - stagna­tion and inflation] [to pull over - to withdraw from (a business)] [to buck the trend - to do well when other business are doing badly]
3. Let's deal him in and give him apiece of the cake, [to deal smb in -to include smb in an activity or business] [to give smb a piece of cake - to share or divide profits with another person]
4. The manager has put our project into cold storage, so it is still up in the air. [to put smth (usu. a plan or a project) into a cold storage -to put off for consideration at a later date] [up in the air - unset­tled]
5. Lots of hot money is being transferred to Switzerland which has always been the tax haven for Europe's wealthy, [hot money -money attracted from abroad by high interest rates or brought to a relatively safe place in a time of political trouble or moved rapidly from one country to another to take advantage of changes of short- term interest rates or to avoid devaluation of a currency or stolen money] [tax haven '- shelter - a country where there's little or no taxation or currency control]
6. AH we understood from his double-dutch was that it was supposed to be a Dutch party, [double-dutch - speech (or writing) that sounds meaningless and cannot be understood] [a Dutch party = meal - the one at each everybody pays for himself]
7. The company has gone on the hook recently, [to go on the hook -to start having debts]
8. If you think he is a soft touch, you have another guess coming; he is just a loan shark, something of a shylock. [a soft touch - a per­son who freely lends money or grants favours] [to have another guess coming - to be mistaken] [shylock / Shylock - a greedy per­son who obtains money from people by trickery (from Shake­speare's "The Merchant of Venice"]
9. The turnover has increased considerably before the triple witching hour, [triple witching hour - one of the four Fridays in each year on which the options and futures contracts expire]
10. The business is slack, and our sales level hardly reaches the break­even point, [break-even point - a point at which sales cover costs but do not show profits]

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