Judicial system of Russia.

The judicial system of RF consists of:

- the Constitutional Court of RF and constitutional courts of the republics and other subject of the RF;

- four-tiered system of courts of general jurisdiction(First tier district courts – city, intermunicipal and equal to them – acting on the territory of Russia. Middle tier includes the supreme courts of the republics, kray, oblast, city courts of Moscow and St.-Petersburg, courts of autonomous kray and autonomous okrug). Three-tiered system of the military courts is an integral part of it(military courts of armies, fleets, garrisons and separate armies). The Supreme Court of the RF is the supreme judicial body for all courts of general jurisdiction, both civil and military;

- three-level system of arbitrage courts with the Higher Arbitrage of the RF as a supreme judicial body competent to settle economic disputes and other cases considered by arbitrage courts exercise judicial supervision over their activities according to the federal law-envisaged procedural forms. The system of the arbitrage courts comprises: arbitrage courts of the subjects of the RF; courts of arbitrage districts – 10 and the Higher Arbitrage.

Justices of peace: Function and duties: to exercise, observing precisely and strictly the requirements of the Constitution of the RF, generally recognized rules, norms and principles of the international law and international agreements concluded or joined by the RF.

Law is a system of rules established by the state. The system of law in our country consist different categories of law. CONSTITUTIONAL LAW is leading category system of law. Its principal source is the Constitution. ADMINISTRATIVE LAW it deals with the legal forms of concrete executive and administrative activity of government and ministries. CRIMINAL LAW defines the general principles of criminal responsibility, individual types of crimes and punishment applied to criminals. INTERNATIONAL LAW regulate relations between governments and other. FINANCIAL LAW regulates the budget, taxation, state credit and other spheres of financial activity. CIVIL LAW is connected with relations in the economic sphere of life, right of property. EMPLOYMENT LAW regulate employment relations.

The Constitution is the primary source of law Russia. No laws adopted in the RF may contravene the RF Constitution. Constitution RF comprises a large group of legal issues. The Prosecutor Office has right to supervise the conformity of such normative acts to the law but it does not have the right to suspend or annul normative acts.

The role of each court and its capacity to make decisions is strictly defined in relation to other courts. A court of original jurisdiction is one which first examines a case in substance and brings in a sentence or decision. Supreme Court of the state may sit as a court of first instance. A court of second instance is one which examines appeals and protest against sentences and decisions of courts of first instance. The Constitutional Court ensures that the laws and other normative acts passed or being considered by the supreme an local legislative branches are constitutional. The Supreme Court is the highest judicial body for civil, criminal, business and other cases. The Supreme Court gives the court interpretation on the issues of court practice. It tries the most important criminal and civil cases. The higher courts of constituent entities of the RF hear and determine cases of major importance. The Higher Arbitrage is the highest judicial body for settling economic disputes and other cases examined by courts of arbitrage.

Дата добавления: 2015-11-14