Read the texts and translate them into Russian.

A Topic for discussion. Read the text, translate and learn the new words.

Travelling.

Millions of people all over the world spend their holidays travelling. They travel to see other countries and continents, modern cities and the rains of ancient towns, they travel to enjoy picturesque places, or just for a change of scene. It is always interesting to discover new things, different ways of life, to meet different people, to try different food, to listen to different musical rhythms.

Those who live in the country like to go to a big city and spend their time visiting museums and art galleries, looking at shop windows and dining at exotic restaurants. City dwellers usually like a quiet holiday by the sea or in the mountains, with nothing to do but walk and bathe and laze in the sun.

Most travellers and holiday-makers take a camera with them and take pictures of everything that interests them — the sights of a city, old churches and castles, views of mountains, lakes, valleys, plains, waterfalls, forests; different kinds of trees, flowers and plants, animals and birds.

Later, perhaps years later, they will be reminded by the photos of the happy time they have had.

People travel by train, by plane, by boat and by car.

All means of travel have their advantages and disadvantages. All people choose one according to their plans and destinations.

If we are fond of travelling, we see and learn a lot of things that we can never see or learn at home, though we may read about them in books and newspapers and see pictures of them on TV. The best way to study geography is to travel, and the best way to know and understand the people is to meet them in their own homes.

Vocabulary

rains - руины, развалины

ancient - древний

to enjoy - наслаждаться

picturesque - живописный

change of scene - перемена обстановки

to discover — открывать, обнаруживать

rhythm - ритм

art gallery - картинная галерея

exotic — экзотический

restaurant - ресторан

city-dweller — горожанин

to bathe — купаться

to laze in the sun - валяться на солнце

holiday-maker - отдыхающий, отпускник

camera - фотоаппарат

to take pictures of- фотографировать

sight - вид

church — церковь

castle - замок

. view - вид

valley - долина

plain - равнина

waterfall - водопад

to remind - напоминать

photo — фотография

advantage - преимущество

disadvantage - недостаток

destination - место назначения, цель (путешествия, похода)

Great Britain

Read the texts and translate them into Russian.

A: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles consist of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and about five thousand of small islands. Their total area is over 244000 square kilometres.

The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Their capitals are London, Cardiff, Edinburgh and Belfast respectively. Great Britain consists of England, Scotland and Wales and does not include Northern Ireland. But in everyday speech Great Britain is used to mean the United Kingdom. The capital of the United Kingdom is London.

The British Isles are separated from the European continent by the North Sea and the English Channel. The western coast of Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic ocean and the Irish Sea.

The surface of the British Isles varies very much. The north of Scotland is mountainous and is called the Highlands, while the south, which has beautiful valleys and plains is called Lowlands. The north and west of England are mountainous, but all the rest-east, centre and south - east - is a vast plain. Mountains are not very high. Ben Nevis in Scotland is the highest mountain (1343m).

There are a lot of rivers in Great Britain but they are not very long. The Severn is the longest river, while the Thames is the deepest and the most important one.

The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of Gulf Stream influence the climate of the British Isles. It is mild the whole year round.

The United Kingdom is one of the world's smaller countries. Its population is over 57 million. About 80% of the population is urban.

The United Kingdom is a highly developed industrial country. It is known as one of the world's largest producers and exporters of machinery, electronics, textile, aircraft and navigation equipment. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding.

The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. In law, the Head of the state is the Queen, In practice, the Queen reigns, but does not rule. The country is ruled by the elected government with the Prime Minister at the head. The British Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the house of Commons.

There are three main political parties in Great Britain: the Labour, the Conservative and the Liberal parties. The Labour party is the ruling party nowadays.

Vocabulary Highlands - гористая часть Lowlands - низменная часть respectively - соответственно to mean (meant, meant) - означать surface - поверхность to vary - меняться, разнообразить valley - долина plain - равнина to influence — влиять urban - городской

machinery — машинное оборудование aircraft — самолёты chief - главный, основной law — закон in law - по закону

the head of state - глава государства to reign - царствовать to rule — править to elect - выбирать at the head - во главе chamber - палата

В: The United Kingdom includes four nations and only the people of England call themselves English. The others refer to themselves as Welsh, Scottish or Irish.

England is a highly industrialized country. The original basis of British industry was coal - mining and the early factories grew up not very far from the main mining areas. Glasgow and Newcastle became great centres of engineering and shipbuilding. Lancashire produced cotton goods and Jorkshere woolens, with Sheffield concentrating on the iron and steel. Birmingham and other towns developed light engineering. The world does not go to Britain to buy textiles or ships as it did in the past: A new light industry, much more diversified has grown in place of the old.

The British climate has a bad reputation, which is partly justified. What's the forecast in Britain? It's mainly showers and sunny intervals since there's too little sunshine in the country. The British love to complain about the weather. They practically always mention it when they greet people.

All over the world Britain is famous for its fogs. The smoke-fogs (smogs) of big towns were in the past really unhealthy and dangerous to traffic. Much of the smog was caused by the burning of coal in fire-places. Nowadays much is done to control smog in big cities.

English people are famous for their love of tradition. Their love of traditions can be observed in practically all aspects of life and behavior.

Дата добавления: 2015-11-14