Badwill недобросовестная практика, дурное намерение

The negative effect felt by a company when shareholders and the investment community find out that it has done something that is not in accordance with good business practices принципы добросовестного ведения бизнеса. Although typically not expressed in a dollar amount, badwill can play out in the form of decreased revenue, loss of clients or suppliers, loss of market share and federal indictments обвинительный акт for any crimes committed.

Intellectual Capital

The value of a company or organization's employee knowledge, business training and any proprietary information that may provide the company with a competitive advantage конкурентное преимущество. Intellectual capital is considered an asset, and can broadly be defined as the collection of all informational resources a company has at its disposal that can be used to drive profits, gain new customers, create new products, or otherwise improve the business.

Some of the subsets of intellectual capital include human capital, information capital, brand awareness осведомленность о бренде and instructional capital образовательный капитал.

Intellectual capital is a real business assetреальный деловой актив, although measuring it is a very subjective task. Companies spend millions annually training обучая their employees in business-specific topics деловые вопросы and otherwise paying for increased competence in their staff. This capital employed задействованный капитал provides a return прибыль to the company and increases its business value деловую ценность.

As по мере того, как technology and process improvements become more of a differentiating factor фактор разграничения компаний within modern companies, intellectual capital is likely to become an even stronger force in the marketplace.

Patent

A government license that gives the holder exclusive rights to a process, design or new invention for a designated period of time. Applications for patents are usually handled by a government agency. In the U.S. the United States Patent and Trademark Office handles application and documentation.

In the United States most patents are valid for 20 years. By granting the right to produce a new product without fear of competition, patents provide incentive for companies or individuals to continue developing innovative new products or services. For example pharmaceutical companies spend large sums on research and development and patents are essential to earning a profit.

Patent Troll

A derogatory term уничижительный термин used to describe people or companies that misuse patents as a business strategy. A patent troll obtains the patents being sold at auctions by bankrupt companies attempting to liquidate their assets, or by doing just enough research to prove they had the idea first. They can then launch lawsuits against infringing companies, or simply hold the patent without planning to practise the idea in an attempt to keep other companies productivity at a standstill.

The name originates from an educational video released to corporations in the early 90's. The goal of the video was to alert corporations to the newest scandal in business, as well as to dissuade potential future trolls. The video depicted a troll rushing into the patent office stealing the patent from the rightful owner законный владелец.

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