Type 1 and Type 2

LESSON 2

Conditionals - 2

A. Type 2

1) We use ‘unreal’ conditionals to talk about unreal or unlikely present or future situations (if + past simple + would + infinitive). The past form doesn’t have a past meaning in sentences like these; it has a hypothetical present or future meaning:

Ø If I had a lot of money, I would travel around the world. (But I don’t have a lot of money.)

Ø If Johnson was in the team, I would feel more confident.(Johnson isn't in the team.)

Ø If I didn’t feel so tired, I would come out with you.

Ø If she really loved you, she wouldn’t be so horrible to you.

2) We often use – were – instead of – was – after – if -, especially in a more formal style:

Ø If the weather were nice, I would go to the beach.

Ø I would come out for a walk with you if I were not so busy.

We often use – if I were you – to give advice:

Ø If I were you, I would apply for the job.

3) We can use the modal verbs – could – or – might – instead of – would –in the main clause:

Ø I could repair the car, if I had the right tools.

4) We do not use would in the if-clause. But we can use would in the if-clause when we make a request:

Ø If you'd like to come this way, the doctor will see you now.(= Please come this way...)

5) As well as the past simple we can use the past continuous (e.g. was doing) in the if-clause:

Ø If Rachel was playing her stereo, it wouldn't be so quiet in here.

Type 1 and Type 2

Compare these examples:

Ø Type 1: If you have a lie-down, you will feel better.

Ø Type 2: Ifl had a million pounds, I would probably buy a yacht.

(The present tense (have) refers to a possible future action, something which may or may not happen. The past tense (had) refers to something unreal.)

7) We can use type 2 conditionals in offers and suggestions:

Ø If you needed a ticket, I could get you one.

Ø If you felt like seeing the sights, we could take a bus tour. ( Type 2 is less direct than type 1. The speaker is less sure that you want to see the sights.)

8) Unreal conditions may also be expressed in the following ways – If it were not for / But for + noun / pronoun:

Ø But for the rain, we would go down to the country. (Если бы не дождь, мы бы поехали за город.)

Ø If it were not for your help, I wouldn’t be able to finish my work in time. (Если бы не ваша помощь…)

B. As if / As though. We sometimes use –as if + past tense to talk about the present. We use the past because the idea is unreal:

Ø My brother sometimes behaves as if he was my father.

It’s often used – were – instead of – was – after – as if -, especially in a more formal style. We can use - as though – instead of – as if -:

Ø You look as though you are tired.

PRACTICE

Exercise 1 – ORAL. Comment on these situations. Translate into Russian.

1.He would be very happy if you talked to him for a few minutes. 2. She wouldn’t help them if she were not so sorry for them. 3. Would you come on Saturday if you had no work to do? 4. He would be here if he knew the truth. 5. She would marry him if she were in your place. 6. If he came himself my answer would be the same. 7. If she were alone, she would be able to do it. 8. If I showed there, the old man would set his dogs on me. 9. If I were him, I would do it at once.

Exercise 2 – ORAL. Use the subjunctive mood in the following sentences. Translate the sentences.

ü I will be glad to meet you again. — I would be glad to meet you again.

1.I will apologize to him for being late. 2. Everybody will be glad to go there. 3. I'll eat something sweet. 4. It does not make much difference. 5.1 won't go to Egypt in summer. 6. She will do her best to improve the situation. 7. He will give you a different answer. 8. Nobody blames them. 9. Do you find it inconvenient? 10. He will warn you of the danger. 11. A true friend will never fail you. 12. They will accept the invitation for Sunday. 13.1 will never agree to it. 14. A wise man will find a way out of the situation. 15, It will be interesting to find out who is right.

Exercise 3 – ORAL. Comment on these situations. Use type 2 conditional with –would- or -could.-

ü Andrew is such a boring person because he works all the time.

You know, if Andrew didn't work all the time, he wouldn't be such a boring person.

ü You can't take a photo because you haven't got your camera.

If I had my camera, I could take a photo.

1. You can't look the word up because you haven't got a dictionary.

I'm sorry............................................................................…………........……..

1. You don't write to your friends because you're so busy.

I've got so much to do...........................................................................................

1. You can't play tennis because your back is aching.

It's a nuisance....................................................................................................…

1. Claire won't marry Henry because she doesn't love him.

Of course,..................................................................................................……….

1. Nick can't find the way because he hasn't got a map.

Nick's lost, but.................…………………………..............…………………

1. David has so many accidents because he's so clumsy.

You know,..............................................................................................................

Exercise 4 – ORAL. Answer the questions.

1. To which town/city would you go if you didn't need a visa?

2. Who would you ask to dance if you had the choice?

3. Could you come to the Institute on Sunday if the teacher asked you?

4. How would you feel if you won a thousand dollars?

5. Would you be happy if you lived in a big city?

6. Could you wake up at 5 a.m. if none woke you up?

7. Could you cook your own dinner if your mother asked you?

Exercise 5 – ORAL. Answer the questions.

1. Where would you go if you wanted: to have dinner, to have a swim, to have a smoke, to have a cup of coffee, to have a good time?

2. What would you do if you wanted: to read a new English book, to buy a new dress, to take a shower, to keep a puppy?

3. What would you be doing now if you were invited to a party this evening; it were Sunday today; if your cat had run away; if you were very hungry; if you were going to have a test tomorrow?

Exercise 6. Put the beginnings and ends together, using ‘if…were’.

ü If he were a better dancer, her feet wouldn’t hurt.

Beginnings:

1. I / a rabbit…………………………………………………………………………………….

2. I / forty years younger………………………………………………………………………

3. I / Moroccan…………………………………………………………………………………..

4. I / the manager……………………………………………………………………………….

5. it / not so cold…………………………………………………………………………………

6. it / Sunday……………………………………………………………………………………..

7. my nose / shorter……………………………………………………………………………..

8. people / more sensible………………………………………………………………………..

9. she / better-tempered………………………………………………………………………..

Ends:

1. I wouldn’t be working.

2. I would be quite pretty.

3. I would give everybody ten week’s holiday.

4. I would go dancing all night.

5. I would go for a walk.

6. I would live in a hole.

7. I would speak Arabic.

8. Life in the office would be easier.

9. There wouldn’t be any wars.

Exercise 7. Complete the sentences using ‘could’ or ‘might’. Translate them.

1. If it wasn’t raining, we (play)………………………………………….. tennis.

2. If she asked me politely, I (feel)……………………………………….. like helping her.

3. If he wasn’t so bad-tempered, I (go)…………………………………… out with him.

4. If I had more money, I (get)……………………………………………… a small flat.

5. If you spoke more slowly, I (understand)………………………………. you better.

6. If you cooked it in butter, it (taste)……………………………………… better.

Exercise 8 – ORAL. Translate into English using – could – or – might –

1.Я не смогла бы всё это сделать, даже если бы сумела найти помощь. 2. Если бы он знал обо всём, что случилось, он, возможно, не расстроился бы так. 3. Если бы у тебя было больше времени, я мог бы показать тебе город. 4. Разве они не помогли бы тебе, если бы могли? 5. Если бы он мог сделать всё это сам, он, возможно, уже уехал бы. 6. Если бы я завтра уехал, ты смог бы присмотреть за собакой?

Exercise 9. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.

1.If I had this tool, I (give)…………………………………………. it to you.

2. If he worked more slowly, he (not make)…………………………… so many mistakes.

3.I could give you his address if I (know)……………………………….. it.

4. He might get fat if he (stop)……………………………………………. smoking.

5.If he knew you were away, he (not come)………………………………….

6.I (keep)……………………………………………. a gardener if I could afford it.

7.What would you do if the lift (get)……………………………. stuck between two floors?

8.He (not go)……………………………………… there if his family were not invited.

9.The car wouldn't break so often if you (have)……………………….. it serviced regularly.

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