The present continuous

Fill in the tables of reading and spelling rules.

2) Fill in grammar note books with all (!) the rules that you know.

3) Task in reading:

- In Russian: У. Шекспир «Гамлет, принц датский», «Ромео и Джульетта». - In English: Daphne du Maurier “The Scapegoat”. (http://vk.com/doc146_156005244)

4) Tasks in pronunciation drilling:

- Lapidus: Listen to the record and repeat after the speaker (All the exercises are distributed by the date when they ought to be done. Please, stick to the schedule if you don’t want your pronunciation to be spoiled!)

January 27: ex. 1-14 pp. 11-14.

January 28: ex. I p. 16, ex. 15-29 pp. 18-20.

January 29: ex. II, III, IV pp. 23-25, ex. 30-35 pp. 29-31.

January 30:. ex. I, II, IV, pp. 32-33, ex. XV p. 37, Short dialogues p. 34.

January 31:. ex. 46-59 pp. 40-43.

February 1: ex. I, II, short dialogues pp. 43-44, text p. 48.

February 2: ex. III pp. 44-45, ex. 60-73, pp. 51-53

February 3: ex. I, III, V, VII pp. 54-56.

February 4: ex. IX, X, XI, short dialogues pp. 57-58.

February 5: ex. XII pp. 59-60, text p. 64.

February 6: ex. 74-83 pp. 68-70, ex. I pp. 71-72.

February 7: ex. IX, X p. 78, text p. 83.

February 8: ex. 84-90 pp. 87-88, 91-101 pp. 108-109

Map of the world. Step 4-7.

Grammar. Present Continuous.

Study the infirmation:

Lapidus p 90-91.

The present continuous

164 Form

The present continuous tense is formed with the present tense of the auxiliary verb be + the present participle:

A	Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
	I am working	7 am not working	am I working?
	you an working	you are not working	are you working?
	he/she/it is working	he/she/it is not working	is he/she/it working?
	we are working	we are not working	are we working?
	you are working	you are not working	are you working?
	they are working	they are not working	are they working?

Negative interrogative: am I not working? are you not working? is he not working? etc.

B Contractions: the verb be can be contracted as shown in 102 B, so the present continuous of any verb can be contracted:

Affirmative Negative Negative interrogative

I'm working I'm not working aren't I working?

you 're working you 're not/you aren 't working aren 't you working? he's working etc. he's not/he isn 't working etc. isn 't he working? etc.

Note the irregular contraction aren't I? for am I not?

Interrogative contractions: am, is, are may be contracted as shown in 104 B:

Why's he working? Where're you working?

165 The spelling of the present participle

A When a verb ends in a single e, this e is dropped before ing:

argue, arguing hate, hating love, loving except after age, dye and singe:

ageing dyeing singeing and verbs ending in ee:

agree, agreeing see, seeing

B When a verb of one syllable has one vowel and ends in a single consonant, this consonant is doubled before ing:

hit, hitting run, running stop, stopping Verbs of two or more syllables whose last syllable contains only one vowel and ends in a single consonant double this consonant if the stress falls on the last syllable:

admit, admitting begin, beginning prefer, preferring

but

budget, budgeting center, entering (stress not on the last syllable). A final 1 after a single vowel is, however, always doubled:

signal, signalling travel, travelling except in American English. C ing can be added to a verb ending in y without affecting the spelling of

the verb:

carry, carrying enjoy, enjoying hurry, hurrying

166 Uses of the present continuous tense

A For an action happening now: It is raining.

I am not wearing a coat as it isn't cold. Why are you sitting at my desk? What's the baby doing? ~ He's tearing up a £5 note.

B For an action happening about this time but not necessarily at the moment of speaking:

I am reading a play by Shaw. (This may mean 'at the moment of speaking' but may also mean 'now' in a more general sense.) He is teaching French and learning Greek. (He may not be doing either at the moment of speaking.)

When two continuous tenses having the same subject are joined by and, the auxiliary may be dropped before the second verb, as in the above example. This applies to all pairs of compound tenses: She icas knitting and listening to the radio.

For a definite arrangement in the near future (the most usual way of expressing one's immediate plans):

I'm meeting Peter tonight. He is taking me to the theatre. Are you doing anything tomorrow afternoon? ~ Yes, I'm playing tennis with Ann.

Note that the time of the action must always be mentioned, as otherwise there might be confusion between present and future meanings, come and go, however, can be used in this way without a time expression. (See 202 B.)

167 Other possible uses of the present continuous

A With a point in time to indicate an action which begins before this point and probably continues after it:

At six I am bathing the baby. (I start bathing him before six.) Similarly with a verb in the simple present:

They are flying over the desert when one of the engines fails. The present continuous is rarely used in this way except in descriptions of daily routine and in dramatic narrative, but the past continuous is often combined with a point in time or a verb in the simple past. (See 179 C, E.)

B With always:

He is always losing his keys. This form is used, chiefly in the affirmative:

1 For a frequently repeated action, usually when the frequency annoys the speaker or seems unreasonable to him: Tom is always going away for weekends (present continuous) would imply that he goes away very often, probably too often in the speaker's opinion. But it does not necessarily mean that he goes away every weekend. It is not a literal statement. Compare with always + simple present: Tom always goes away at weekends = Tom goes away every weekend. (a literal statement) I/we + always + continuous tense is also possible here. The repeated action is then often accidental:

I'm always making that mistake. 2 For an action which appears to be continuous:

He's always working = He works the whole time. This sort of action quite often annoys the speaker but doesn't necessarily do so: He's always reading could imply that he spends too much time reading, but could also be said in a tone of approval. The first person could be used here too. The action then, like the other actions here in 2, is usually deliberate.

168 Verbs not normally used in the continuous tenses

The continuous tenses are chiefly used for deliberate actions. Some verbs are, therefore, not normally used in the continuous and have only one present tense, the simple present. These verbs can be grouped as follows:

A Verbs of the senses (involuntary actions): feel, hear, see, smell; also notice and observe (= notice), and feel, look, taste used as link verbs (see 18 B, C). For feel, look, smell, taste, see also 169. For hear and see, see

also 170.

Verbs such as gaze, listen, look (at), observe (= watch), stare and watch imply deliberate use of the senses, and can, of course, be used in the continuous tenses:

Watch! ~ I am watching but I don't see anything unusual.

He is listening to a tape, but he's wearing earphones so nobody else

hears it.

B Verbs expressing feelings and emotions, e.g. admire (= respect), adore, appreciate (= value), care for (= like), desire, detest, dislike, fear, hate, like, loathe, love, mind (= care), respect, value, want, wish.

But the continuous can be used with admire meaning 'look at with admiration', appreciate meaning 'increase in value', care for meaning 'look after', long for, mind meaning 'look after/concern oneself with', value meaning 'estimate the financial worth of, enjoy and sometimes like/love meaning 'enjoy', and hate meaning the opposite, though it is safer to use the simple tenses with like, love and hate:

He's enjoying his holiday in the Arctic. He hates touristy places and

he doesn 't mind the cold.

I'm minding my own business.

How are you liking/Do you like your new job? —

I'm hating it/I hate it. I just don 't like work, you see.

C Verbs of mental activity, e.g. agree, appreciate (= understand), assume, believe, expect (= think), feel (= think), feel sure/certain, forget, know, mean, perceive, realize, recall, recognize, recollect, remember, see (= understand), see through someone (= penetrate his attempt to deceive), suppose, think (= have an opinion), trust (= believe/have confidence in), understand. But the continuous can be used with appreciate meaning 'to increase in value'. See also 171 for think, assume, expect.

D Verbs of possession: belong, owe, own, possess:

How much do 1 owe you?

E The auxiliaries, except be and have in certain uses. (See 113 B, 115 B, 123.)

P appear (= seem), concern, consist, contain, hold (= contain), keep (= continue), matter, seem, signify, sound (= seem/appear):

It concerns us all. This box contains explosives. But appear meaning 'to come before the public' can be used in the continuous.

169 feel, look, smell and taste used in the continuous forms

A feel

feel, when followed by an adjective indicating the subject's emotions or physical or mental condition, e.g. angry/pleased, happy/sad, hot/cold,, tense/relaxed, nervous/confident, is normally used in the simple tenses but can also be used in the continuous:

How do you feel/are you feeling? ~ I feel/am feeling better. feel meaning 'touch' (usually in order to learn something) can be used in the continuous:

The doctor was feeling her pulse. Similarly, feel for meaning 'try to find something by touching':

He was feeling for the keyhole in the dark. But feel is not used in the continuous when it means 'sense':

Don't you feel the house shaking? when it means 'think':

I feel you are wrong and when it is used as a link verb:

The water feels cold.

B look

The continuous is not used with look used as a link verb, e.g. That cake looks good, or with look on (= consider), look up to (= respect) and look down on (= despise) (see chapter 38). But look (at), look for/in/into/out and look on (= watch) are deliberate actions and can be used in the continuous tenses:

He is looking for his glasses.

I'm looking out for a better job.

C smell

The continuous is not used with smell meaning 'perceive a scent/an odour', e.g. I smell gas, or with smell used as a link verb, but can be used with smell meaning 'sniff at':

Why are you smelling the milk? Does it smell sour?

D taste

taste as a link verb is not used in the continuous:

This coffee tastes bitter, (has a bitter taste) But taste meaning 'to test the flavour of can be used in the continuous:

She was tasting the pudding to see if it was sweet enough.

170 see and hear used in the continuous forms

A see can be used in the continuous when it means 'meet by appointment' (usually for business), 'interview':

The director is seeing the applicants this morning.

I am seeing my solicitor tomorrow. (See 202.) Also when it means 'visit' (usually as a tourist):

Tom is seeing the town/the sights.

It can also be used in the continuous in the following combinations: see about = make arrangements or enquiries:

We are seeing about a work permit for you. (trying to arrange this) see to = arrange, put right, deal with:

The plumber is here. He is seeing to the leak in our tank. see somebody out = escort him/her to the door. see somebody home = escort him/her home. see somebody to + place = escort him/her to + place:

ANN: Is Bill seeing you home after the party?

mary: No, he's just seeing me to my bus.

see someone off = say goodbye to a departing traveller at the starting point of his journey (usually the station, airport etc.):

We're leaving tomorrow. Bill is seeing us off at the airport.

B hear can be used in the continuous when it means 'listen formally to' (complaints/evidence etc.):

The court is hearing evidence this afternoon. hear meaning 'receive news or letters' can also be used in the continuous form but only in the present perfect and future:

I've been hearing all about your accident.

You 'II be hearing about the new scheme at our next meeting.

171 think, assume and expect used in the continuous forms

A think can be used in the continuous when no opinion is given or asked for:

What are you thinking about? ~ I'm thinking about the play we saw

last night. But

What do you think of it? (opinion asked for) ~ / don't think much oj

it. (opinion given)

Tom is thinking of emigrating. What do you think of the idea? ~

I think it is a stupid idea. He should stay where he is.

B assume can be used in the continuous when it means 'accept as a starting point':

I'm assuming that you have time to do a lot of research. assume power/control of a country or organization can also be used in the continuous:

The new government is assuming power at once.

C expect can be used in the continuous when it means 'await': I'm expecting a letter. She's expecting a baby in May.

DO THE TASKS

#1. The present continuous tense
PEG 164-7

Put the verbs in brackets into the present continuous tense. In No. 25, have is used as

an ordinary verb and can therefore be used in the continuous tense.

1 She (not work), she (swim) in the river.

2 He (teach) his boy to ride.

3 Why Ann (not wear) her new dress?

4 The airplane (fly) at 2,000 metres.

5 What Tom (do) now? He (clean) his shoes.

6 This fire (go) out. Somebody (bring) more coal?

7 It (rain)?~

Yes, it (rain) very hard. You can't go out yet.

8 Why you (mend) that old shirt?

9 You (not tell) the truth. ~
How do you know that I (not tell) the truth?

10 Who (move) the furniture about upstairs? ~
It's Tom. He (paint) the front bedroom.

11 Mrs Jones (sweep) the steps outside her house.

12 What you (read) now? I (read) Crime and Punishment.

13 It is a lovely day. The sun (shine) and the birds (sing).

14 Someone (knock) at the door. Shall I answer it? ~
I (come) in a minute. I just (wash) my hands.

15 She always (ring) up and (ask) questions.

16 Why you (make) a cake? Someone (come) to tea?

17 Where is Tom? ~
He (lie) under the car.

18 Can I borrow your pen or you (use) it at the moment?

19 You (do) anything this evening? ~
No, I'm not. -
Well, I (go) to the cinema. Would you like to come with me?

20 We (have) breakfast at 8.00 tomorrow as Tom (catch) an early train.

21 Ann usually does the shopping, but I (do) it today as she isn't well.

22 Why you (type) so fast? You (make) a lot of mistakes.

23 Mother (rest) now. She always rests after lunch.

24 They (dig) an enormous hole just outside my gate. ~
What they (do) that for? ~
I don't know. Perhaps they (look) for oil.

25 What (make) that terrible noise? ~
It's the pneumatic drill. They (repair) the road.

26 The children are very quiet. Go and see what they (do). -
They (cut) up some Ј5 notes.

27 What you (wait) for?-
I (wait) for my change; the boy just (get) it.

28 I can't hear what you (say); the traffic (make) too much noise.

29 She always (lose) her glasses and (ask) me to look for them.

30 Mother: What you (look) at? Something (happen) in the street?

31 Child: Yes. The house opposite is on fire! Come and look.
Mother: I can't. I (bath) the babies. Is the Fire Brigade here?

32 Child: Yes. Fire engines (rush) up and the firemen (jump) out and (unroll) their hoses.

33 Smoke (pour) from the windows! People (stop) to watch.
A policeman (try) to move them on.

34 An old man (climb) out of a first floor window!
A fireman (help) him! Two boys (slide) down a rope!

35 A woman (wave) from the attic and a fireman (go) up a ladder to help her!

36 Now he (come) down again! He (carry) a baby! The crowd (cheer!

Упр. 154. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous.

(NOW) 1. The boys (to run) about in the garden. 2 I (to do) my homework. 3. John and his

friends (to go) to the library. 4. Ann (to sit) at her desk. She (to study) geography. 5. A young

man (to stand) at the window. He (to smoke) a cigarette. 6. The old man (to walk) about the room.

7. The dog (to lie) on the floor. 8. You (to have) a break? 9. What language you (to study)? 10. Who

(to lie) on the sofa? 11. What they (to talk) about? 12. It still (to rain).

Упр. 155. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous.

(СЕЙЧАС) 1. Я читаю. 2. Он не пишет. 3. Мы не работаем. 4. Вы читаете? 5. Он спит? 6. Коля и Миша играют в футбол. 7. Катя играет на роя-I ле. 8. Она не поет. 9. Моя сестра спит. 10. Папа пьет чай? 11. Твои родители пьют чай? 12. Я не сплю. 13. Она сидит за столом. 14. Мы делаем упражнение. 15. Мы не купаемся. 16. Они игра­ют во дворе? 17. Нина и Аня моют пол. 18. Коля помогает маме. 19. Ты помогаешь папе? 20. Моя сестра читает интересную книгу. 21. Они идут в школу. 21. Вы идете в школу? 22. Он работает? 23. Твоя бабушка идет в магазин? 24. Он поку­пает конфеты. 25, Что делает твоя сестра? 26. Где играют дети? 27. Почему ты смеешься? 28. Куда они идут? 29. Что несут эти мальчики?

Сравните употребление Present Continuous и Present Simple.

Упр. 160. Раскройте скобки, употребляя гла­голы в Present Continuous или в Present Simple.

I (to read) now. He (to sleep) now. We (to drink) tea now. They (to go) to school now. I (not to sleep) now.

She (not to drink) coffee now. I (to read) every day. He (to sleep) every night. We (to drink) tea every morning.

They (to go) to school eve­ry morning. I (not to sleep) in the day­time. She (not to drink) cof­fee after lunch. We (not to watch) TV now. They (not to eat) now. My mother (not to work) now. You (to work) now? He (to play) now? They (to eat) now? Your sister (to rest) now? What you (to do) now? What you (to read) now? What they (to eat) now? What your brother (to drink) now? We (not to watch) TV in the morning. They (not to eat) at the lesson. My mother (not to work) at an office. You (to work) every day? He (to play) in the after­noon? They (to eat) at school? Your sister (to rest) af­ter school? What you (to do) every morning? What you (to read) after dinner? What they (to eat) at breakfast? What your brother (to drink) in the evening?

Упр. 161. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous или в Present Simple.

1. I (not to drink) coffee now. I (to write) an English exercise. 2. I (not to drink) coffee in the evening. I (to drink) coffee in the morning. 3. Your friend (to do) his homework now? 4. Your friend (to go) to school in the morning? 5. Look! The baby (to sleep). 6. The baby always (to sleep) after dinner. 7. My grandmother (not to work). She is on pension. 8. My father (not to sleep) now. He (to work) in the garden. 9. I usually (to get) up at seven o'clock in the morning. 10. What your sis­ter (to do) now? - - She (to wash) her face and hands. 11. When you usually (to come) home from school? — I (to come) at three o'clock. 12. Where your cousin (to work)? -- He (to work) at a hospi-taJ. 13. Your sister (to study) at an institute? -No, she (to study) at school. 14. My cousin (to go) to school every day. 15. My mother (not to play) the piano now. She (to play) the piano in the morning.

Упр. 162. Раскройте скобки, употребляя гла­голы в Present Continuous или в Present Simple.

1. I (to read) books in the evening. 2. I (not to read) books in the morning. 3. I (to write) an exer­cise now. 4. I (not to write) a letter now. 5. They (to play) in the yard now. 6. They (not to play) in the street now. 7. They (to play) in the room now? 8. He (to help) his mother every day. 9. He (to help) his mother every day? 10. He (not to help) his mother every day. 11. You (to go) to school on Sunday? 12. My friend (not to like) to play foot­ball. 13.1 (not to read) now. 14. He (to sleep) now? 15.We (not to go) to the country in winter. 16.My sister (to eat) sweets every day. 17. She (not to eat) sweets now. 18. They (to do) their home­work in the afternoon. 19. They (not to go) for a walk in the evening. 20. My father (not to work) on Sunday. 21. He (to work) every day.

Упр. 163. Раскройте скобки, употребляя гла­голы в Present Continuous или в Present Simple.

1. They (to read) many books. 2. They (to read) many books? 3. They (not to read) many books. 4. The children (to eat) soup now. 5. The children (to eat) soup now? 6. The children (not to eat) soup now. 7. You (to play) volley-ball well? 8. When you (to play) volley-ball? 9. What Nick (to do) in the evening? 10. He (to go) to the cinema in the evening? 11. We (not to dance) every day. 12. Look! Kate (to dance). 13. Kate (to sing) well? 14. Where he (to go) in the morning? 15. He (not to sleep) after dinner. 16. My granny (to sleep) after din­ner. 17. When you (to sleep)? 16. Nina (not to sleep) now. 19. Where John (to live)? - - He (to live) in England.

Упр. 164. Раскройте скобки, употребляя гла­голы в Present Continuous или в Present Simple.

1. I (to write) a composition now. 2. I (not to drink) milk now. 3. I (to go) for a walk after din­ner. 4. I (not to go) to the theatre every Sunday. 5. He (not to read) now. 6. He (to play) now. 7 He (to play) now? 8. My mother (to work) at a factory. 9. My aunt {not to work) at a shop. 10. You (to work) at an office? 11. My friend (to live) in St. Petersburg. 12. My cousin (not to live) in Moscow. 13. The children (not to sleep) now. 14. The chil­dren (to play) in the yard every day. 15. They (not to go) to the stadium on Monday. 16. She (to read) in the evening. 17. She (not to read) in the morn­ing. 18. She (not to read) now. 19. Your father (to work) at this factory? 20. You (to play) chess now? 21. Look at the sky: the clouds (to move) slowly, the sun (to appear) from behind the clouds, it (to get) warmer. 22. How is your brother? - - He is not well yet, but his health (to improve) day after day. 23. Listen! Who (to play) the piano in the next room?

Запомните глаголы, не употребляющиеся во временах группы Continuous: to be, to know, to understand, to think, to recognize, to want, to like, to see, to hear, to feel, to have¹. Эти глаго­лы надо употреблять в Present Simple, даже если действие совершается в момент речи.

Упр. 165. Раскройте скобки, употребляя гла­голы в Present Continuous или в Present Simple.

I. What you (to do) here now? - - We (to listen) to tape-recordings. 2. You (to want) to see my fa­ther? - Yes, I... 3. Michael (to know) German rather well. He (to want) to know English, too, but he (to have) little time for it now. 4. What maga­zine you (to read)? - - It (to be) a French magazine. There (to be) good articles on sports here. You (to be) interested in sports? - - Yes, I.... But I (not to know) French. 5. We (to have) an English lesson now. 6. Lena usually (to prepare) her homework at the institute? - - No, she.... As a rule, she (to work) at home. — And what she (to write) now? -Oh, she (to write) an article for our wall newspa­per. 7. Who that man (to be) who (to stand) in the doorway? - - You (not to recognize) him? It (to be) John, my cousin. 8. I (to have) no time now, I (to have) dinner. 9. Your family (to leave) St. Peters­burg in summer? - Yes, we always (to go) to the sea-side. We all (to like) the sea. Mother (to stay) with us to the end of August, but father (to re­turn) much earlier. 10. Where Tom and Nick (to be) now? — They (to have) a smoke in the garden.

¹ to have -- только в своем прямом значении «иметь». В словосочетаниях типа "to have breakfast", "to have a lesson", "to have a smoke" глагол to have употребляется также и во временах группы Continuous

Упр. 166. Раскройте скобки, употребляя гла­голы в Present Continuous или в Present Simple.

1. It (to take) me forty minutes to get to school. 2. Hello, Pete, where you (to go)? — I (to hurry) to school. 3. When your lessons (to begin) on Mon­day? — They (to begin) at nine o'clock. 4. Where your sister (to be)? — She (to do) her homework in the next room. 5. It usually (to take) me an hour to do my written exercises. 6. Where Boris (to be)? I (to look) for him. - - He (to have) dinner. 7. In the evening I often (to go) to see my friends. 8. On Sunday we sometimes (to go) to the cinema or to a disco club. 9. Andrew (to get) up very early as he (to live) far from school, He (to be) never late. 10. It (to be) six o'clock in the evening now. Victor (to do) his homework. His sister (to read) a book. His mother and grandmother (to talk). 11. I (to write) a letter to my grandmother who (to live) in Novgorod. I (to write) to her very often.

Упр. 167. Раскройте скобки, употребляя гла­голы в Present Continuous или в Present Simple.

One Sunday Agnes and her mother went to the zoo. Agnes was very excited. She was interested in everything she saw. "Mother, look," she said. "There (to be) a mon­key in this cage. It (to eat) an apple. Now it (to give) a bite to another monkey. I (to think) mon­keys (to like) apples very much." "Yes, dear," said her mother. "Now I (to want) to go and see the lions and tigers. Where they (to live), mother?" "In that big house over there. Come along." Agnes enjoyed herself very much in the lion house. "Mother," she said, "the tiger (to want) a drink: it (to go) to the dish of water there in the corner. And the lion (to look) right at me. You (to think) it (to want) to eat me up? When the lions and tigers (to have) their dinner, mother?" "The keepers (to bring) them great pieces of meat every day at four o'clock. And they (to make) a big noise before their dinner time, so everybody (to know) they (to be) hungry."

---

Дата добавления: 2015-11-14