Hacker: Brilliant programmer

Topic: Computer Crime

HACKER

Ex.1. Read and translate the text.

VOCABULARY

Community- сообщество To be accused of – быть обвиненным в Fraud – обман, подлог, мошенничество Intellectual property theft – кража интеллектуальной собственности Remote - удаленный

To be employed – работать на sneaker – проникший тайком To stretch- расширять To overcome limitations – преодолевать ограничения Intruder - самозванец cracker - взломщик

Hacker is a term used to describe different types of computer experts. In popular usage and in the media, it generally describes computer intruders or criminals. "Hacker" can be those who use it in its positive sense as members of the computing community. The term " hacker " can also be used in the computing community to describe a particularly brilliant programmer or technical expert (for example: "Linus Torvalds, the creator of Linux, is a genius hacker.").

A possible middle position says that "hacking" describes a collection of skills, and that these skills are used by hackers in different ways.

Categories of hacker

The hacker community (people who would describe themselves as hackers, or who would be described by others as hackers) consists of at least three categories of hackers.

Hacker: Intruder and criminal

The most common usage of "hacker" in the popular press is to describe those who break computer security without authorization or anyone who has been accused of using technology (usually a computer or the internet) for terrorism, vandalism, credit card fraud, intellectual property theft, and many other forms of crime. This can mean taking control of a remote computer through a network.

A hacktivist is a hacker who uses the World Wide Web as a way to express their political views. These individuals use other people’s websites, to promote their political views. For instance these hackers may use a political candidate’s web page and adjust it to promote their opposition candidate.

Hacker: Brilliant programmer

The positive usage of hacker - one who knows a (sometimes specified) set of programming interfaces well enough to write software quickly and expertly. Very talented hackers may become bored with a project once they have figured out all of the hard parts, and be unwilling to finish off the "details". Types of hackers in this sense are gurus and wizards. "Guru" has age and experience, and "wizard" often has particular expertise in a specific topic, and an almost magical ability to perform hacks no one else understands.

Дата добавления: 2015-11-14