Reading 2: Practice areas

Look through the following words to make sure that you know them, learn those you don’t.

to land a job(work, employment) to land a job with a respectable firm	знайти роботу;   знайти роботу в респектабельній фірмі
commercial litigation[ ]	судовий процес із комерційних питань
to rotate [ ]	чергуватися, змінюватися по черзі;
termination [ ] wrongful termination	закінчення, кінець, припинення неправомірне припинення терміну дії (контракту)
sexual harassment[΄hærəsmənt] /[hə΄ræsmənt]	сексуальні домагання
gender [΄dЗendə] gender bias	рід, стать упередження за статевою ознакою; статева дискримінація
disability [ ]	каліцтво, непрацездатність;
origin [΄oridЗin]	походження
wage [ ] (= wages)	заробітна платня (працівників)
dispute [dis´pju:t]/[´dispju:t] parties to dispute	спір, суперечка, сварка; диспут, дискусія сторони в спорі; сторони в конфлікті
to counsel[΄kauns(ə)l]	давати поради, радити, рекомендувати;
advocacy[΄ædvəkəsi]	підтримка, відстоювання, активний публічний захист; адвокатура, професія адвоката
mediation[ ]	посередництво, клопотання, заступництво
trademark [ ] The unruffled equanimity was his trademark.	1. фабрична марка, торгова марка; 2. відмітний знак; його відмінною рисою була досконала незворушність
trade secret	професійна таємниця, комерційна таємниця, виробнича таємниця, засекречена технологія
copyright[ ]	авторське право
infringement[in΄fridЗmənt] infringement of the constitutional law This edict was an infringement on their autonomy.	порушення (закону), посягання (на права); порушення конституційного права; Цей едикт був посяганням на їх право самоврядування.
domain name [dəu΄mein]	ім’я домену (ім’я, під яким домен відомий у мережі і яке складається з послідовності позначок та розділових знаків)
clearance [΄kliər(ə)ns] rights clearance	дозвіл, віза (на якусь дію), отримання дозволу на якесь право
logo [΄logəu]	логотип, знак фірми, емблема
to carry out /to perform e.g. We all have certain duties and jobs to carry out. to carry out in(to) practice to perform a contract	виконувати; У кожного є свої обов’язки та робота.   вводити в життя; впроваджувати; виконувати умови контракту;
IP(Intellectual Property)	інтелектуальна власність
retainer[ri΄teinə]	угода з адвокатом, доручення адвокатові вести справу; попередній гонорар адвокату
competition law (= antitrust law)	антимонопольний закон
merger [΄mə: dЗə]	злиття, об’єднання;
transaction [træn΄zæk∫(ə)n] / [træn΄sæk∫(ə)n] financial transactions	угода, справа, ведення справи;   фінансові операції
multi-jurisdictional	що підпадає під різні юрисдикції
criminal cartel (= crime cartel) [ ]	кримінальний картель
with respect to	що стосується
restrictive [ ]	обмежувальний, що накладає обмеження
pulp and paper	целюлозно-паперовий
consumer products[ ] [ ]	споживчі товари
shareholder [ ]	акціонер, власник акцій
landlord [ ]	орендодавець, домовласник, хазяїн
tenant[΄tenant]	наймач, орендар, тимчасовий власник
developer [ ]	забудовник
contractor [ ]	підрядник, постачальник
lease [li:s]	оренда, контракт про оренду, найм; термін оренди
mortgage [΄mogidЗ]	застава, іпотека, заставна
foreclosure [fo:΄kləuЗə]	позбавлення прав викупу застави; перехід заставленого майна у власність кредитора
accountant[ə΄kauntənt]	бухгалтер
lender	кредитор, позикодавець

1. Read about five lawyers talking about their firms, practice areas and clients. Then tick the information you have learned about each speaker.

1. I’m a newly qualified lawyer and I’ve just landed a job as an associate at a mid-size law firm. The firm offers a wide range of commercial law services. Our lawyers provide advice on many different legal areas, including banking law, corporate law and corporate tax, employment law, commercial litigation, property law, to name a few. In the next months, I’ll be rotating through some of the departments to get an idea about the different practice areas. At present, I’m working in commercial litigation and am enjoying it. My duties include a good deal of client liaison, lots of research and some writing of briefs and letters. Um, while I’m at this firm, I intend to specialize in an area of the law that involves a lot of trial work, because I think I’d really like to be a litigator.

2. I’m a sole practitioner in the area of employment and labour law in a small city. Some of the legal issues I commonly deal with are wrongful termination, sexual harassment, and discrimination on the basis of gender, age, religion, disability, national origin or race. I also handle wage and overtime disputes, employment contracts, public-sector employee issues, and disability and workers’ compensation issues. I counsel clients about their rights and options. I also provide advocacy for them, including representation in mediations, arbitrations and litigation. My clients are primarily individuals. They usually need advice in handling personnel matters and resolving disputes. Two paralegals assist me in my work at my office.

3. As an attorney, I protect the innovations and inventions of my clients. I represent both plaintiffs and defendants in trade-mark, trade-secret and copyright infringement suits in both state and federal courts. I have a good deal of experience in domain-name disputes. I carry out international trade-mark and service-mark registrations and do availability searches and clearances of marks, trade names and logos. My work also involves providing counselling to photographers, architects, graphic designers and creators of fine art. I try to give them an understanding of the laws and procedures that affect them and their businesses. I also serve as a trial consultant and expert witness in IP law. For bigger cases requiring additional staffing and resources, I have a good working relationship with a large IP firm and can arrange representation under this firm if a client requests it. This requires a separate retainer agreement.

4. I’m a senior partner in a large law firm. My main areas of expertise are competition law and international trade law. I advise domestic and international clients on all aspects of competition and international trade laws, including domestic and multi-jurisdictional merger transactions, criminal cartel cases, and trade and pricing practices. I represent clients before the Competition Tribunal in merger transactions. I advise clients on a regular basis with respect to restrictive trade practices under the Competition Act. Some of the industries my clients come from include transportation, steel, pulp and paper, telecommunications, media and entertainment, financial services, electronic products and services, food services, and consumer products. On a regular basis I write papers and hold presentations for business and professional audiences on various topics dealing with competition and international trade law.

5. I’m a shareholder in my firm and am head of my firm’s Litigation Division. I represent landlords, tenants, developers and contractors and have tried many cases (mostly to successful conclusion) in court or arbitration. I assist clients with all types of real-estate-related litigation, including lease and contract disputes, mortgage foreclosures, property-tax disputes and land-use disputes. My practice also involves all types of real-estate transactions. In addition to lecturing and writing about real-estate issues for professional groups, including lawyers, accountants, lenders and real-estate professionals, I teach courses on real-estate law for law students at the local university. I’m an active member of several professional organisations, including the state and national bar associations, to name but two.

Speaker 1... 1has a few years’ working experience. 2works as a clerk at a mid-size commercial law firm. 3will get to know other departments of the firm. 4meets with clients regularly. 5plans to specialise in commercial litigation	□ □ □ □ □
Speaker 2... 1is a sole practitioner. 2works in the area of employment law. 3deals with wage disputes. 4represents clients in mediation. 5has many clients who are small businesses.	□ □ □ □ □
Speaker 3... 1works in the area of secured transactions. 2carries out trade-mark registrations. 3assists clients who are in artistic professions. 4serves as an expert witness in court. 5is a partner in a large IP firm.	□ □ □ □ □
Speaker 4... 1is a senior partner in a mid-size law firm. 2specialises in competition law. 3represents clients before the employment tribunal. 4deals with infringements of the Competition Act. 5has clients in the telecommunications sector.	□ □ □ □ □
Speaker 5... 1owns shares in his firm. 2argues cases in court. 3works in the area of real property law. 4represents landlords but not tenants. 5teaches courses on litigation at the law university.	□ □ □ □ □

2. Match the words with their definitions.

1. termination	a. one that owns and rents land, buildings, or dwelling units
2. mediation	b. an agreement under which a person borrows money to buy property, esp a house, and the lender may take possession of the property if the borrower fails to repay the money
3. infringement	c. the act of giving a formal (usually written) authorization
4. clearance	d. the legal proceedings initiated by a creditor to repossess the collateral for loan that is in default
5. transaction	e. the act of ending something
6. landlord	f. the act of carrying on commercial activities within or between groups
7. tenant	g. a contract by which property is conveyed to a person for a specified period, usually for rent
8. mortgage	h. a negotiation to resolve differences that is conducted by some impartial party
9. foreclosure	i. one that pays rent to use or occupy land, a building, or other property owned by another
10. lease	j. a violation, as of a law, regulation, or agreement; a breach.

3. Discuss these questions.

1 Which kind of firm do you work in or would you like to work in?

2 Which areas of the law have you specialised in or would like to specialise in?

Дата добавления: 2015-11-14