Английского глагола

Appendix

Helping Verbs	Modal Verbs
(вспомогательные глаголы):	(модальные глаголы):
To be:am, is, are: was, were	Can / could
To have:have, has: had	May / might
Do / does; did	must
Shall / Will	ought
Should / Would	needn’t

Main Verb
(4 формы основного / смыслового глагола)
I.	Инфинитив:	to work	to speak
II.	Past Simple	work ed	spoke
	(простое прошедшее время)
III.	Past Participle	work ed	spoken
	(причастие прошедшего времени)
IV.	Present Participle	work ing	speak ing
	(причастие настоящего времени)	(I + -ing)

G	Work ed – /t/;	discover–/э/;
liv ed – /d/;	discovered– /d/;
play ed – /d/;	need ed – /id/

Времена в активном и пассивном залогах

Tense	Active Voice	Passive Voice
Simple	to translate	to be translated
Continuous	to be translating	to be being translated
Perfect	to have translated	to have been translated

G

Perfect Continuous

to have been translating (по лицам и числам изменяется только подчёркнутый глагол)

Таблица времен

Характеристика	Past (когда?)
действия	Структура предложения	Иллюстрации
Simple / Inde
Действие проис-		I (you, he, she, it, we, they) worked.
ходит постоянно,	S + II
обычно;
отражает общеиз-	Did + S + I?	Did I (you, he, she…) work?
вестную истину
или какой-либо
факт	S + did + not + I	I (you, he, she,…) did not work.
Continuous / Pro
Действие проис-
ходит непосред-	S + was + I (ing)	I (he, she, it) was working.
ственно; имеет	were	We (you, they) were working.
временный ха-
рактер; отражает
процесс; указыва-	Was + S + I (ing)?	Was I working?
ет на изменения;	Were
может выражать
действие, плани-	S + was + not + I(ing)	I (he, she, it) was not working
руемое в будущем
Perfect
Past / Future Perfect
отражает итог дей-	S + had + III	I (you, …) had worked.
ствияк моменту
речи;
Present Perfect (Sim-
ple) передает, что:	Had + S + III?	Had I (…) worked?
1) действие закон-
чилоськ моменту
речи; 2) действие	S + had + not + III	I (…) had not worked
началось в про-
шлом и имеет ме-
сто в настоящем

английского глагола

Present (когда?)	Future (когда?)
Структура предложения	Иллюстрации	Структура предложения	Иллюстрации
finite (как?)
		S + shall + I	I (we) shall / will work.
S +I^(s)	I (you, we, they) work.	will	You(he she, it, they) will work
	He (she, it) works.
Do + S + I^o?	Do I work?	(Shall) Will+S+I?	Will I (you, …) work?
Does	Does he work?
		S+(shall) will+not+I	He will not (won’t) work
S+do(does)+not+I	I don’t work.	shall not – shan’t
She doesn’t work	/ will not – won^,t
gressive (как?)
	I am working.		I (we) shall / will
am S + is + I (ing) are	We (you, they) are working	S + shall+be + I (ing)	be working.
will	He (she, it, you, they)
He (she, it) is work-ing		will be working.
Am	Am I working?	Shall+S+be + I (ing)?	Will you be working?
Is + S + I (ing)?	Is he (she, it) work-	Will
Are	ing?
	Are you (we, they) working?	S + shall + not + will	He will not (won’t) be working.
S+am + not + I (ing)
is	I am not working.	+ be + I (ing)
are
(как?)
	I (we, you, they) have worked.		I (we) shall / willhave worked.
S + have + III	S+shall + have + III
has	He (she, it) has wor-ked.	will	He (she, it) will have worked.
	Have we (you, they) worked?
Have + S + III	Shall+S+have+III?	Will they have worked?
Has	Has he (she, it) wor-ked?	Will
S + have + not + III	I have not worked.	S + shall + not +	They won’t have worked
has	He has not worked.	will
		+ have + III

Характеристика	Past (когда?)
действия	Структура предложения	Иллюстрации
Perfect Conti
См. Present Per-	S + had + been + I (ing)	I (you, …) had been working
fect-2. Действие
началось в про-
шлом и продол--
жается до сих	Had + S + been + I (ing)?	Had I (….) been working?
пор; подчерки-
вается его дли-	S + had + not + been + I (ing)	I (…) had not been working.
тельность

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