Stylistics and the information theory. Basic components of the information transmission model. Chief processes in the information transmission.

The theory of information appeared in the 30^th. The value of the notions of theory of information for the humanities is that they make it possible to see the common in such phenomenon which from the first sight seem to be completely different, to resolve the main problems of transmission of different information and to describe them in one system of terms and notions.

Information, in terms of philosophy, is the inner content of the process of reflection which results in changing the characteristics of some objects due to the influence of other objects they interact with. It means that information is an imprint left by one phenomenon on the other.

Types of information:

Denotative information is the contential nucleus of a language unit which 1) names the subject-matter of communication; 2) is not predetermined by the communication act; 3) directly or indirectly refers to the object or notion of reality.

Connotative information is the contential periphery of a language unit which: 1) depends upon different aspects of communication act (time, participants etc.); 2) expresses the speaker's attitude to the subject-matter of communication, to the listener or to the social status of the interlocutors.

According to Shenon the scheme of connection consists of five basic components:

1. the source of information which makes the message which is to be transmitted to the end.

2. transmitter which work out in some way the message into signals which correspond to the character of the give channel (the author remakes the information and decodes it).

3. transmission channel – an environment which is used for the transmission of the signal from the source to the receiver (literature).

4. receiver – restores the message from signals (reader).

5. addressee – is a person for whom the message was addressed.

Code is a system of signs and rules of their combination for the transmission of the message through a particular channel.

The sum of the represented in the given period of time peculiarities of the source is called a message. Message is the information which the speaker intends to transmit to (or, rather, to provoke in) the listener.

Signal is the information materialised verbally (e.g. in a sound form) or non-verbally (e.g. a dance, a piece of music etc.), as a text etc.

Predictability – is the degree of possibility of appearance of some element depending on the character of the preceding element

Redundancy – надлишковість; to protect the information from the loss of information.

The author encodes the information his thoughts, images in the words, utterances, literary work.

Accumulation – different points of view of readers on one and the same stylistic device.

Loss of information – the block of memory of the author is not identical to that of the reader.

Hindrances, noises – obsolete words; words that are not used nowadays; changes the meaning of the word, historical conditions.

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