Poetic and Highly Literary Words

Poetic words form a rather insignificant layer of the special literary vocabulary. They are mostly archaic or very rarely used highly literary words which aim at producing an elevated effect. They have a marked tendency to detach themselves from the common literary word-stock and gradually assume the quality of terms denoting certain definite notions and calling forth poetic diction. Poetic words and expressions are called upon to sustain the special levated atmosphere of poetry. This may be said to be the main function of poetic words. Poetical words in an ordinary environment may also have a satirical function. Poetical words and word-combinations can be likened to terms in that they do not easily yield to polysemy. They are said to evoke emotive meanings. They colour the utterance with a certain air of loftiness, but generally fail to produce a genuine feeling of delight. A good illustration of the use of poetic words the bulk of which are archaic is the following stanza from Byron's Childe Harold's Pilgrimage:

But spent his days in riot (wasteful living) most uncouth (unusual, strange)/ And vex'd (disturbed) with mirth (fun) the drowsy ear of Night./ Ah me! (interjection expressing regret, sorrow) in sooth (truely) he was a shameless wight (a human being) / Sore (severely, harshly) given to revel (noisy festivity) and ungodly (wicked) glee (entertainment). The use of poetic words does not as a rule create the atmosphere of poetry in the true sense; it is a substitute for real art. Poetic words are not freely built in contrast to neutral, colloquial and common literary words, or terms. The commonest means is by compounding, e. g. 'young-eyed', 'rosy-fingered'. Means of creating new poetic words - the use of a contracted form of a word instead of the full one, e. g. 'drear' instead of dreary, ' scant' (=scanty). Sometimes the reverse process leads to the birth of a poeticism, e. g. 'vasty' (=vast. 'The vasty deep', i. e. the ocean); ' steepy ' (=steep), ' paly' (=pale).

Poetical words and set expressions make the utterance understandable only to a limited number of readers. It is mainly due to poeticisms that poetical language is sometimes called poetical jargon.

In modern English poetry there is a strong tendency to use words in strange combinations. The following may serve as examples: 'The sound of shape'; "night-long eyes'; 'to utter ponds of dream'; 'wings of because'; 'to reap one's same'; 'goldenly whole, prodigiously keen star whom she—and he—, —like ifs of am perceive...'

Metaphor

Metaphor is when you use two words and compare or contrast them to one another. Unlike simile, you don't use "like" or "as" in the comparison. Ex: I am a rainbow.A figure of speech in which an implied comparison is made between two unlike things that actually have something in common. Ex:Love is a rose, 'a shadow of a smile' power metaphor is one of the most potent means of creating images.

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