Link sentences and paragraphs smoothly

Essay writing.

Write in your own words

The teacher is interested in your ideas, expressed in your own way. It is tempting to use the language of critics and editors, but stay away from doing so! To avoid this pitfall, take notes form secondary sources in point form, using your own words.

Write in a formal and objective style

Avoid slang, a casual tone, and short forms or contractions.

Make no reference to yourself

You do not need to say "I think¦", or "I will demonstrate". Just state your ideas confidently, and then prove they are correct. Unless you are writing a personal/familiar essay, write all essays in the third person.

Use the present tense in a literary essay

This makes it easier to write about past and future events in the book. Consider that a work of literature exists always in the present.

Use the active voice of a verb if you have a choice

It helps to create strong, interesting pictures in the reader's mind. Use the passive voice sparingly and only if necessary if you wish to sound distant from the event, or if you must for the sense of the sentence.

Use variety in sentence structure and length

A lot of short, simple sentences together sound choppy; a lot of long, complex sentences may be confusing or boring. Try to combine different kinds of sentences for maximum effect. Don't start your sentences with the subject. A periodic sentence or parallel construction can make your point more dramatic.

Select your example and quotations carefully

Note the following about using quotations:

- You may have more supporting evidence than you can use. Choose the most persuasive and interesting examples, and make sure they support your opinions. Use quotations only to emphasize an important point or as proof of your conclusions.

- Introduce and comment on each quotation that you use. Make sure the reader knows why you have used it and what it demonstrates. Don't assume that this is self-evident.

- If you are referring to a whole scene or a passage too long to quote, you can refer to it in your own words and use it as an example.

- If you use a short quotation you should incorporate it right into your sentence or paragraph, using double quotation marks.

- If you use a quotation that is longer than three lines separate it from the rest of the text with a space at both the beginning and end and indent the quotation on both sides. Double space the quoted words. Do not enclose them in quotation marks.

Link sentences and paragraphs smoothly

Do not start a sentence with "and" or "but". They are used to connect ideas within a sentence. Avoid overusing them. Be careful about the use of expressions such as "obviously", "of course" or "clearly". They can make your writing sound pompous and too often they are used to replace explanations or proofs that are necessary.

Use transition words that help to bind sentences together in a paragraph or to link paragraphs. Be sure to use an appropriate word for your purpose at that point.The following are examples of the many transition words available to help your writing flow smoothly from point to point:

To indicate sequence: first, second, next, another.
To add ideas: moreover, likewise, also, similarly, in addition.
To introduce opposing ideas: nevertheless, on the other hand, however, whereas.
To show time relation: then, now, meanwhile, later.

To introduce examples: for instance, such as, for example.
To indicate a consequence: hence, thus, for this reason, therefore.
To indicate a conclusion: to conclude, thus, hence, in conclusion.

LIST OF QUATATIONS.

A "After all is said and done, more is said than done." A esop "When I was born, I was so surprised I didn't talk for a year and a half. Gracie A llen "I'm not afraid to die. I just don't want to be there when it happens." Woody A llen "The secret of life is not to do what you like, but to like what you do." A nonymous "Love is not about who you live with. It's about who you can't live without." A nonymous "A real friend is someone who walks in when the rest of the world walks out." A nonymous "Opportunity may knock only once, but temptation leans on the doorbell." A nonymous "Good supervision is the art of getting average people to do superior work." A nonymous "Wit is educated insolence." A ristotle "Education is the best provision for the journey to old age." A ristotle "One swallow does not make the spring." A ristotle "Pleasure in the job puts perfection in the work." A ristotle "We are what we repeatedly do." A ristotle "Wishing to be friends is quick work, but friendship is a slow ripening fruit." A ristotle "There is safety in numbers." A nonymous

B

"The worst solitude is to be destitute of sincere friendship." Sir Francis B acon "Knowledge is power." Sir Francis B acon

"Behind every great fortune there is a crime." Honore de B alzac "An error doesn't become a mistake until you refuse to correct it. " Orlando A. B attista "When one door closes, another opens; but we often look so long and so regretfully upon the closed door that we do not see the one which has opened for us.” Alexander Graham B ell "Happiness lies in good health and a bad memory." Ingrid B ergman "Only a fool learns from his own mistakes. The wise man learns from the mistakes of others." Otto von B ismarck "Ability is nothing without opportunity." Napoleon B onaparte "Glory is fleeting, but obscurity is forever." Napoleon B onaparte "Never interrupt your enemy when he is making a mistake." Napoleon B onaparte "The heart has reasons that reason does not understand." Jacques B ossuet

C

"Never stand begging for that which you have the power to earn." Miguel de C ervantes "There are people who have money and people who are rich." Coco C hanel "Don't ever take a fence down until you know the reason it was put up." G. K. C hesterton "A woman uses her intelligence to find reasons to support her intuition." G. K. C hesterton "The price of greatness is responsibility." Winston C hurchill "We make a living by what we get. We make a life by what we give." Winston C hurchill "A pessimist sees the difficulty in every opportunity; an optimist sees the opportunity in every
difficulty." Winston C hurchill "Success is the ability to go from one failure to another with no loss of enthusiasm." Winston C hurchill "If you are going through hell, keep going." Winston C hurchill "A lie gets halfway around the world before the truth has a chance to get its pants on." Winston C hurchill "History will be kind to me for I intend to write it." Winston C hurchill "Gratitude is not only the greatest of virtues, but the parent of all others. C icero "Progress is the injustice each generation commits with regard to its predecessors." E.M. C ioran "I believe in luck; how else can you explain the success of those you dislike?" Jean C octeau "Our greatest glory is not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall." C onficius "Respect yourself and others will respect you." C onficius "Nothing in life is to be feared; it is only to be understood." Marie C urie

D

"The only difference between me and a madman is that I'm not mad." Salvador D ali "Have no fear of perfection; you'll never reach it." Salvador D ali "It is not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent, but the one most
responsive to change." Charles D arwin "It's the friends you can call up at 4 a.m. that matter." Marlene D ietrich "Talk to a man about himself and he will listen for hours." Benjamin D israeli "The greatest good you can do for another is not just share your riches, but reveal to him his own." Benjamin D israeli "Little things affect little minds." Benjamin D israeli "The secret of success is constancy of purpose." Benjamin D israeli "Pure love and suspicion cannot dwell together: at the door where the latter enters, the former
makes its exit. Alexandre D umas "All for one and one for all." Alexandre D umas

E

"Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration." Thomas E dison "Only two things are infinite - the universe and human stupidity, and I'm not sure about the former." Albert E instein "When you are courting a nice girl, an hour seems like a second. When you sit on a red-hot cinder,
a second seems like an hour. That's relativity." Albert E instein "Not everything that can be counted counts, and not everything that counts can be counted." Albert E instein "The difference between genius and stupidity is that genius has its limits." Albert E instein "It's not that I'm so smart, it's just that I stay with problems longer." Albert E instein "Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new." Albert E instein "Before God we are all equally wise - and equally foolish." Albert E instein "Great spirits have always encountered violent opposition from mediocre minds." Albert E instein "Gravitation cannot be held responsible for people falling in love." Albert E instein "I never think of the future. It comes soon enough." Albert E instein "In case of dissension, never dare to judge till you've heard the other side." E uripides "Man's best possession is a sympathetic wife." E uripides

F

"A writer is congenitally unable to tell the truth, and that is why we call what he writes fiction." William F aulkner

"Obstacles are those frightful things you see when you take your eyes off your goal." Henry F ord "You can't build a reputation on what you are going to do." Henry F ord "The biggest mistake people make in life is not trying to make a living at doing what they most enjoy." Malcolm F orbes

"To accomplish great things, we must not only act, but also dream; not only plan but also believe." Anatole F rance "Most fools think they are only ignorant." Benjamin F ranklin "Blessed is he who expects nothing, for he shall never be disappointed." Benjamin F ranklin

"Creative minds have always been known to survive any kind of bad training." Anna F reud "Men are more moral than they think, and far more immoral than they can imagine." Sigmund F reud

G

"We cannot teach people anything; we can only help them discover it within themselves." Galileo G alilei

"I believe in equality for everyone, except reporters and photographers." Mahatma G andhi "You must be the change you wish to see in the world." Mahatma G andhi "Live as if you were to die tomorrow; learn as if you were to live forever. Mahatma G andhi

"Nothing strengthens authority as much as silence" Charles de G aulle "Graveyards are full of indispensable men." Charles de G aulle "Formula for success: rise early, work hard, strike oil." J. Paul G etty "Money isn't everything but it sure keeps you in touch with your children." J. Paul G etty "If you can actually count your money, then you're not a rich man." J. Paul G etty "All the world over I will back the masses against the classes." William G ladstone "Enjoy when you can and endure when you must." Johann Wolfgang van G oethe "Whatever you can do or dream, begin it." Johann Wolfgang van G oethe " A man can stand anything except a succession of ordinary days." Johann Wolfgang van G oethe "Talent develops in tranquillity, character in the full current of human life." Johann Wolfgang van G oethe

H

"Never confuse movement with action." Ernest H emmingway "Drama is life with the dull bits cut out." Alfred H itchcock

"Forty is the old age of youth; fifty is the youth of old age." Victor H ugo "Life is the flower for which love is the honey." Victor H ugo "Intelligence is the wife, imagination is the mistress, memory is the servant." Victor H ugo "Maybe this world is another planet's hell." Aldous H uxley

J

In matters of style, swim with the current; in matters of principle, stand like a rock." Thomas J efferson

"Our brightest blazes are commonly kindled by unexpected sparks." Samuel J ohnson "When making your choices in life, do not forget to live." Samuel J ohnson "Love is the wisdom of the fool and the folly of the wise." Samuel J ohnson

K

"Science is organized knowledge. Wisdom is organized life." Immanuel K ant

"Forgive your enemies, but never forget their names." John F. K ennedy "When written in Chinese, the word crisis is composed of two characters.
One represents danger, the other represents opportunity." John F. K ennedy "Man is still the most extraordinary computer of all." John F. K ennedy "Liberty without learning is always in peril; learning without liberty is always in vain. John F. K ennedy

"Education: the inculcation of the incomprehensible into the indifferent by the incompetent." John Maynard K eynes

"In the end we will remember not the words of our enemies but the silence of our friends." Martin Luther K ing "Take everything you like seriously, except yourselves." Rudyard K ipling "Gardens are not made by sitting in the shade." Rudyard K ipling "The absence of alternatives clears the mind marvellously." Henry K issinger "The nice thing about being a celebrity is that if you bore people they think it's their fault." Henry K issinger

L

"We can live without religion and meditation, but we cannot survive without human affection." Dalai L ama

"Life is what happens to you when you are busy making other plans." John L ennon

"In the end it's not the years in your life that count; it's the life in your years." Abraham L incoln "Nearly all men can stand adversity, but if you want to test a man's character, give him power." Abraham L incoln "You cannot escape the responsibility of tomorrow by evading it today." Abraham L incoln "You can fool all of the people some of the time, some of the people all of the time,
but you can't fool all of the people all of the time." Abraham L incoln

M

"No enterprise is more likely to succeed than one concealed from the enemy until it is ripe for execution." Niccolo M achiavelli "People ask for criticism, but they only want praise." W. Somerset M augham "It is cruel to discover one's mediocrity only when it is too late." W. Somerset M augham "To the soul, there is hardly anything more healing than friendship." Thomas M oore

N

"Tact is the knack of making a point without making an enemy." Isaac N ewton

"The advantage of a bad memory is that one enjoys several times the same good things for the first time." Friedrich N ietzsche "What doesn't kill you will make you stronger." Friedrich N ietzche "When one has much to put into them, a day has a hundred pockets." Friedrich N ietzsche "We don't see things as they are; we see things as we are." Anais N in "Life shrinks or expands in proportion to one's courage." Anais N in

O

"Burdens become light when cheerfully borne." O vid

P

"In the field of observation, chance favours only the prepared mind." Louis P asteur

"The chief enemy of creativity is good taste." Pablo P icasso "The mind is not a vessel to be filled, but a fire to be kindled." P lutarch

"Fools rush in where angels fear to tread." Alexander P ope "You don't stop laughing because you grow old; you grow old because you stop laughing." Michael P ritchard

"The voyage to discovery is not in seeking new landscapes but in having new eyes." Marcel P roust

R

"If you wish to avoid seeing a fool, you must break your mirror." Francois R abelais "A statesman is a successful politician who is dead." Thomas Brackett R eed

"Instruction ends in the schoolroom, but education ends only with life." F.W. R obertson "Many people despise wealth but few know how to give it away." F. de la R ochefoucauld "Men give away nothing so liberally as their advice." F. de la R ochefoucauld "The only thing we have to fear is fear itself." Franklin D. R oosevelt "The only man who never makes mistakes is the man who never does anything." Theodore R oosevelt "If it can't be cured, it must be endured." Salman R ushdie. "When love and skill work together, expect a masterpiece." John R uskin

S

"Perfection is achieved, not when there is nothing more to add, but when there is nothing left
to take away." Antoine de S aint Exupery "Life has taught us that love does not consist in gazing at each other, but in looking outward together
in the same direction." Antoine de S aint Exupery "Hell is other people." Jean-Paul S artre "It is wise to learn; it is God-like to create." John S axe "Luck is what happens when preparation meets opportunity." Lucius Annaeus S eneca "Life is a play. It's not its length, but its performance that counts." Lucius Annaeus S eneca "Action is eloquence." William S hakespeare "All that glitters is not gold." William S hakespeare "Our bodies are our gardens to which our wills are gardeners." William S hakespeare "Great Britain and the United States are nations separated by a common language." George Bernard S haw "The greatest of our evils and the worst of our crimes is poverty." George Bernard S haw "Youth is a wonderful thing. What a crime to waste it on children!" George Bernard S haw "Martyrdom... is the only way in which a man can become famous without ability." George Bernard S haw "We don't stop playing because we grow old; we grow old because we stop playing." George Bernard S haw "Reasonable men adapt to the world. Unreasonable men adapt the world to themselves.
That's why all progress depends on unreasonable men." George Bernard S haw "Can a man who is warm understand one who is freezing?" Alexander S olzhenitsyn "Don't judge each day by the harvest you reap... but by the seeds you plant!" Robert Louis S tevenson "Politics is perhaps the only profession for which no preparation is thought necessary." Robert Louis S tevenson "Vision is the art of seeing things invisible." Jonathan S wift "May you live every day of your life." Jonathan S wift

T

"I am more afraid of an army of a hundred sheep led by a lion, than an army of a hundred lions
led by a sheep." T alleyrand "Tis better to have loved and lost than never to have loved at all." Alfred Lord T ennyson "A good laugh is sunshine in a house." William T hackery "Love is real only when a person can sacrifice himself for another." Leo T olstoy "It is better to keep your mouth closed and let people think you are a fool than to open it and remove
all doubt." Mark T wain "Be careful about reading health books. You may die of a misprint." Mark T wain "Wrinkles should merely indicate where smiles have been." Mark T wain

U

"The only thing in life achieved without effort is failure." U nknown "The speed of the leader determines the rate of the pack." U nknown "Many receive advice; only the wise profit from it." U nknown "Remember, no one can make you feel inferior, without your consent." U nknown "Obstacles are those frightful things you see when you take your eyes off your goals." U nknown "Genius is the ability to reduce the complicated to the simple." U nknown "The secret of happiness is not doing what one likes, but in liking what one does." U nknown "Only those who keep trying eventually win." U nknown "Getting something done is an accomplishment; getting something done right is an achievement." U nknown "Do not let what you cannot do interfere with what you can do." U nknown "The best time to do something worthwhile is between yesterday and tomorrow." U nknown

V

"Conscience is a man's compass." Vincent V an Gogh "The progress of rivers to the ocean is not so rapid as that of man to error." V oltaire

"Anything that is too stupid to be spoken in sung." V oltaire "God is a comedian playing to an audience too afraid to laugh." V oltaire "The greatest consolation in life is to say what one thinks." V oltaire "Doubt is not an agreeable condition, but certainty is an absurd one." V oltaire "The secret of being a bore is to tell everything." V oltaire

W

"The only way to get rid of a temptation is to yield to it." Oscar W ilde "Some cause happiness wherever they go; other whenever they go. Oscar W ilde "My own business always bores me to death; I prefer other people's." Oscar W ilde "Experience is the name so many people give to their mistakes." Oscar W ilde "Wisdom is knowing how little we know." Oscar W ilde "To live is the rarest thing in the world. Most people exist, that's all." Oscar W ilde "The old believe everything, the middle-aged suspect everything, the young know everything." Oscar W ilde "No man is rich enough to buy back his past." Oscar W ilde "There are only two tragedies in life: one is not getting what one wants, and the other is getting it." Oscar W ilde "True friends stab you in the front." Oscar W ilde "Fashion is a form of ugliness so intolerable that we have to alter it every six months." Oscar W ilde "All cruel people describe themselves as paragons of frankness." Tennessee W illiams

Y

"Education is not the filling of a pail, but rather the lighting of a fire." William Butler Y eats

Z

"The artist is nothing without the gift, but the gift is nothing without work."

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