What happens inside the engine

Learning how a diesel engine works, let’s see what happens inside the engine step by step.

First, air must be gotten into the cylinder because no fuel burns without air. Combustion is a chemical process uniting a fuel or combustible with the oxygen in the air. The fuel and oxygen, uniting, change into new substances.

Second, the air must be squeezed or compressed to a high pressure. There are two reasons for compressing the air. One reason is that if the combustible mixture has been compressed to a high pressure before it starts to burn, it will produce more power than if it hadn’t been compressed. The other reason is that when air is compressed, its temperature goes up – the higher the pressure, the higher the temperature. In a diesel engine the entering air is compressed so much that it becomes hot igniting oil that is sprayed into it.

This is a fundamental difference between a diesel engine and a gasoline engine where a spark is used to ignite the combustible mixture, while in a diesel engine the fuel ignites by itself contacting with air.

Third, the fuel must be squirted into the cylinder forming a fine spray. The oil is squirted in after the air has been compressed and thus heated to a high temperature. It must be in the form of a fine spray so that a cloud of oil droplets will spread throughout all of the air producing a thorough or ‘homogeneous’ mixture of oil and air which is needed for quick and complete combustion.

Fourth, combustion takes place immediately after the oil is sprayed into the cylinder. The gaseous mixture gets hotter trying to expand. It pushes on the sliding piston which in turn transmits the force through the connecting rod to the crank on the crankshaft making the crankshaft revolve and thus deliver power to whatever machine the engine is driving.

Fifth, the spent gases must be gotten rid of or exhausted.

Exercise 1.

Find equivalents of these words in the text and learn them.

Горение; смесь; коленчатый вал; шатун; разница; горючая смесь; сжимать; химический процесс; топливо; искра; воспламенять; кислород; вещество; высокое давление; впрыскивать; гореть; разница; передавать.

Exercise 2.

Answer the questions:

1. Why is air gotten into the cylinder?

2. What is combustion?

3. What do fuel and air form uniting?

4. Why does the entering air become hot?

5. What ignites oil in a diesel engine?

6. What is a combustible mixture ignited by in a gasoline engine?

7. How is fuel squirted into the cylinder?

8. When does combustion take place in the cylinder?

9. What does combustion generate?

10. Where is power delivered to?

Exercise 3.

Put the sentences in the right order according to the processes inside the engine:

1. The gases in the cylinder have lost their pressure.

2. The fuel forms a fine spray.

3. A combustible unites with the oxygen in the air.

4. The fuel contacts with air.

5. The gases expand.

6. The entering air becomes hot.

7. The gaseous mixture pushes on the piston.

8. The fuel and oxygen changes into new substances.

9. The process of combustion produces power.

10. The spent gases are gotten rid of.

Exercise 4.

Complete the sentences:

1. Air is gotten into….

2. The fuel and oxygen unite in ….

3. The combustible mixture is squeezed to a high ….

4. The combustible mixture is squeezed to produce more ….

5. The hot air ignites ….

6. The fuel oil is squirted into the cylinder in a fine ….

7. Combustion takes place after the oil....

8. Combustion generates a great ….

9. The gaseous mixture expands and pushes on ….

10. The piston makes the crankshaft ….

11. The crankshaft delivers power to the driven ….

12. The spent gases after work are ….

Exercise 5.

Fill in the proper Participle 1:

1. Combustion is a chemical process … a combustible with the oxygen in the air.

2. The piston slides down the cylinder … the force through the connecting rod to the crank on the crankshaft.

3. The crankshaft revolves … power to the driven machine.

4. … a fine spray the oil is squirted into the cylinder.

5. … a homogeneous mixture oil droplets spread throughout the air.

6. … the gaseous mixture pushes the piston.

7. A spark … the combustible mixture is used to start combustion in a gasoline engine.

8. Fuel … with air ignites.

9. In a diesel engine air … the cylinder is compressed to a high pressure.

Exercise 6.

Translate into Russian:

1. The combustible mixture has been compressed to a high pressure before it starts to burn.

2. After the air has been heated to a high temperature, the oil is squirted in.

3. When the piston has finished its power stroke, the spent gases are exhausted.

4. When the gases in the cylinder have lost their pressure, the gases must be gotten rid of.

5. After the air has been squeezed, the oil is sprayed into the cylinder.

6. Before the fuel and oxygen change into new substances in the process of combustion, they have been united.

Exercise 7.

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