VII. A. Read the text England and discuss it

England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It borders on Scotland in the north and Wales in the west. It is washed by the Atlantic Ocean, the Irish Sea, the North Sea and the English Channel which separates it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands.

England's terrain mostly comprises low hills and plains, especially in central and southern England. However, there are uplands in the north and in the south west. England's population is about 51 million, around 84% of the population of the United Kingdom, and is largely concentrated in London, the South East and in the Midlands, the North West, the North East and Yorkshire. Meadowlands and pastures are found beyond the major cities.

The ports of London, Liverpool, and Newcastle lie on the tidal rivers Thames, Mersey and Tyne respectively. The Severn is the longest river flowing through England. There are many lakes in England; the largest is Windermere, within the Lake District.

The Pennines, known as the "backbone of England", are the oldest range of mountains in the country. The highest point in England, at 978 metres is Scafell Pike in Cumbria. Straddling the border between England and Scotland are the Cheviot Hills.

The English Lowlands are to the south of the Pennines.

Many ancient standing stone monuments were erected during the prehistoric period, amongst the best known are Stonehenge, Devil's Arrows, etc. Some of the best known medieval castles include the Tower of London, Windsor Castle, etc. Throughout the Plantagenet era an English Gothic architecture flourished - the medieval cathedrals such as Canterbury Cathedral, Westminster Abbey are prime examples.

backbone основа islandостров meadowlandлуг Severn Северн	flourishпроцветать NewcastleНьюкасл range ряд, диапазон Stonehenge Стонхендж	Cheviot Hills Чевиот-Хилс Pennines Пеннинские горы tidalприливно-отливной Windermere Уиндермир
TyneТайн	Westminster Abbey Вестминстерское аббатство
Mersey Мерсей (Мерси) pasture пастбище, выгон	Midlandsцентральные графства Англии prehistoric [′pri:his′tɔrik] доисторический
compriseвключать, охва­тывать Cumbrian житель Камберленда flow (down) - flew - flown течь Lake District Озерная область terrainместность, территория uplandгористая часть страны	erectвозводить, строить, сооружать English Channel пролив Ла-Манш medieval [,medi′i:vəl] средневековый point[pɔint]точка, пункт, вопрос Tower of London Тауэр Лондона Windsor Castle Виндзорский замок

UK = United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Соединенное Королевство Великобритании и Северной Ирландии

Westminster Abbey Вестминстерское аббатство

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