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a) in summer; b) in winter.
2. Enumerate all the relatives you have. Name/ write their professions.
Other operations to be tested are connected with the functioning of a lexical item in context, e.g. the operation in combining different lexical items. It cannot be realised without acquisition of certain grammatical structures. The lexical aspect of this operation consists in combining words according to the compatibility of meanings. Grammatical correctness of the word combination presupposes mastering the combinatorial mechanisms. They are needed to choose the grammatical category, necessary for combining words, rapidly and correctly. The choice of a specific category precedes the choice of a definite lexical item to fit into it. E.g., if we ask a student to write down all possible word combinations with the verb ‘to write’, he will first correlate this verb with the grammatical categories comprising the verb combinatorial scheme: verb + direct object; verb + indirect object; verb + adverb. Combinatorial errors are to be taken into account while assessing the level of lexical habit formation.
Besides, the operation in combining lexical items is good for testing how well the mechanisms of transfer have been formed. These mechanisms ensure the speed of stringing words together, the variability and the range of lexical items within combinations. This side of the lexical habit affects the quantitative parameter of combinations. The better developed the mechanisms of transfer, the faster the students can vary the lexical items within three structural schemes of the verb ‘write’, filling them with the larger amount of lexis. The quantity of different word combinations will indicate whether the mechanisms of transfer are formed and will show if the word combinations are ready to be activated in speech. To make the quantitative criterion objective, control tasks should include instructions to combine words according to definite association references. The teacher is to predict the possible quantity of word combinations. If students’ answers contain 60-70% of the quantity predicted, the operation can be regarded as formed. Thus, the following criteria can be offered to test the operation of combining lexical items: a) compatibility of meanings; b) grammatical correctness; c) the number of word combinations and lexical items within them. Here are a few examples of control tasks:
1. Make up word combinations using words from different columns. Change the word form if necessary.
2. Translate the following word combinations into English.
3. Fill in gaps with suitable words.
4. Write all the words you can to substitute the word in italics.
5. Complete the following sentences.
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