EXERCISE 39c — Write answers to the questions using phrasal verbs, participle adjectives, and nouns from this section. Be sure the phrasal verbs are in the correct tense.

1. The construction business always improves in the spring. What does the construction business always do?

2. Pirates might take control of the ship. What might happen to the ship?

3. In Question 2, if pirates took control of the ship, what would this action be called?

4. There was a misunderstanding at work, but Nicole explained everything to the people involved, and now they understand. What did she do?

5. In Question 4, how would you describe the misunderstanding now?

6. Frank was supposed to go to the factory so he could give Ned a ride home. What was supposed to happen to Ned?

7. All the people in the town will be killed when the enemy captures it. What will happen to all the people in the town?

8. Someone ought to draw a line through Karen's name on the list. What ought to be done to Karen's name?

9. In Question 8, how would you describe Karen's name after someone draws a line through it?

10. Sarah went to the store to buy a CD, but they had all been sold. What did the store do?

11. In Question 10, how would you describe the CDs?

12. Tom tried to buy a ticket for the concert, but all the tickets had been sold. Why couldn't Tom buy a ticket for the concert?

13. You cut some bacon into very small pieces before you put it on your salad. What was done to the bacon?

14. The laundry closes at 6:00, so Jane has to go there before 6:00 to get her dress. What has to be done to the dress?

15. The copilot flew the plane so that the pilot could eat dinner. What did the copilot do?

16. Todd often asks me to stop at the store and buy a newspaper. What does Todd often ask me to do?

17. I'll tell Susie not to make the water in the bathtub rise all the way to the top. What will I tell Susie?

18. I stopped writing my book at page 94 and later started writing again on page 95. What did I do?

EXERCISE 39d, Review — Complete the sentences with these phrasal verbs from previous sections. Be sure the phrasal verbs are in the correct tense. To check their meanings, review the section number given after each one.

bite off, 27	come out, 32	leave out, 32	pull over, 19
blow up, 33	cut down, 23	look over, 21	settle down, 21
break off, 27	hand over, 19	make up, 23	slow down, 24
bring back, 19	knock off, 27	pick on, 21	wear down, 17

1. David's mother told him she'd like some grandchildren, but he's having too much fun as a bachelor and isn't interested in ________________.

2. I didn't finish my work because I was training a new employee, and explaining everything really ________ me ________.

3. Bob's doctor told him he was doing too much weight lifting and that he should _______ ______.

4. The movie wasn't the same as the novel. Several characters were ______ ______.

5. When I caught my sixteen-year-old daughter smoking cigarettes, I really ________ ______.

6. I didn't say you could use my car. ________ ________ those keys right now!

7. There must be something wrong with my camera — none of the pictures I took ________ ______.

8. Can I borrow your food processor? I promise I'll _______ it _______ tomorrow.

9. We've been working since 7:00 a.m. Let's______________and finish tomorrow.

10. Everything on the menu looks delicious. I just can't _______ _______ my mind.

11. If you don't stop _________ _________ me, I'm going to tell Mommy.

12. I told Mark not to pet the lion, but he didn't listen, and his hand was ________ ______.

13. He realized he was lost, so he _________ his car _________ and looked at a map.

14. My son asked me for a motorcycle for his birthday, but I told him no, so he's trying to ________ me ________ by asking me again and again and again.

15. I gave my job application to the human resources director, and he said he'd ________ it ________ and give me a call.

16. Do you have any glue? One of the arms has _______ _______this ceramic doll.

40. FOCUS ON: gerund phrasal verbs vs. phrasal verbs followed by the -ing form

We have seen in previous sections that phrasal verbs are sometimes followed by the -ing form. We have also seen that transitive phrasal verbs sometimes take gerund objects. At a glance, there seems to be no difference between these two constructions:

Jim went away singing.

-ing form

Jim stuck with singing.

gerund

But because a gerund is a verb functioning as a noun, it can be replaced with an ordinary nongerund noun. However, this is not true of the -ing form:

Jim went away it. Jim stuck with it.

Infinitive
	present tense	-ing form	past tense	past participle
blow off	blow off & blows off	blowing off	blew off	blown off

1. blow... off p.v. [informal] When you do not do something that you are supposed to do because you do not want to or because you do not think it is important, you blow it off.

l was supposed to report for jury duty Monday morning, but I blew it off.

Bob had a hangover, so he blew off helping Marsha fix her car.

Bring up

bring up & brings up bringing up brought up brought up

1. bring...up (to) p.v. When people bring something from a higher level or position or from south to north to where you are, they bring it up or bring it up to where you are.

Would you please go downstairs and bring up the package that was just delivered?

The rescue workers brought morphine up to the injured mountain climber.

2. bring... up p.v. When you introduce a new topic into a conversation, you bring it up.

Last night during dinner, Dad brought up the idea of saving money by staying home instead of taking a vacation this year.

You and your big mouth! We were having a great time until you brought that up.

3. bring... up (to) p.v. When you bring up children, you care for them as they grow to adulthood. When you bring up children to believe something or to behave in a certain way, you try to teach this belief or behavior to them.

Tom was born in Canada, but he was brought up in the United States.

Bringing quadruplets up is a lot of work.

I was brought up to believe in honesty and compassion.

Infinitive
	present tense	-ing form	past tense	past participle
burst out	burst out & bursts out	bursting out	burst out	burst out

1. burst out p.v. When you burst out laughing or crying, you begin laughing or crying loudly and suddenly.

Heather burst out laughing when I fell into the swimming pool.

When Sam heard the news, he burst out crying.

Come back

come back & comes back coming back came back come back

1. come back (to l from) p.v. When people return to a place where you are, they come back or come back to that place or come back from the place where they were before.

Todd went to Florida thinking it would be hot and sunny, but he came back talking about how cold and rainy it was.

I'm never coming back to this awful place again.

2. comeback p.v. When people, organizations, companies, or athletes overcome difficulties and become successful again, they come back.

My home team came back from last place and won the championship.

Senator Dolittle lost in 1988, but he came back to win in 199 4.

comeback n. When people, organizations, companies, or sports teams overcome difficulties and become successful again, they make a comeback.

The Bulls were down by 34 points but won the game with an 18-point lead — what a comeback!

3. come back p.v. When a condition, problem, situation, or activity returns or greatly increases, it comes back.

l need to see the doctor. The pain in my shoulder has come back.

There isn't much chance that double-digit inflation will come back any time soon.

comeback n. When a condition, problem, situation, or activity returns or greatly increases, it makes a comeback.

Health officials are concerned that tuberculosis is making a comeback.

4. come back p.v. When a fashion or fad comes back, it becomes popular again.

Miniskirts are coming back this year.

Western movies and TV shows go out of style and then come back every few years.

comeback n. When a fashion or fad becomes popular again, it makes a comeback. l saved all my wide neckties because I knew they'd make a comeback someday.

Infinitive
present tense	-ing form	past tense	past participle
get off on get off on & gets off on	getting off on	got off on	gotten off on

1. get off on p.v. [informal] When you get off on something or get off on doing something, you find it enjoyable and exciting.

Sally loves winter sports, and she especially gets off on snowboarding.

Mountain climbing is what I get off on.

Go away

go away & goes away going away went away gone away

1. go away p.v. When you leave a place or leave a person, you go away.

Go away! I'm trying to study.

Mark went away not realizing he had left his briefcase behind.

2. go away (for) p.v. When you travel for a period of time, you go away for this time.

We always go away for a few weeks in the winter.

Lydia is going to go away for a while.

3. go away (to) p.v. When you leave your home and live temporarily at another place, such as a school, you go away to that place.

Jane didn't go away to school; she went to a school near her home.

Some young people are nervous about going away to school, but others look forward to it.

4. go away p.v. When a condition, problem, situation, or activity disappears or greatly decreases, it goes away.

l have a pain in my back that never goes away.

If the rain doesn't go away, we'll have to call off the game.

Run around

run around & runs around running around ran around run around

1. run around p.v. When you run around a place, you run to various parts of it.

The cat ran around the room chasing the mouse.

The children were running around the museum, and the guard told them to stop.

2. run around p.v. When you run around doing something, you go to various places trying urgently to accomplish something that is important to you.

The woman was running around the store looking for her lost child.

We ran around the house trying to rescue whatever we could from the rising floodwater.

runaround n. When people are not honest with you or helpful to you, they give you the runaround.

Why didn't you just tell me the truth instead of giving me the runaround?

Infinitive
	present tense	-ing form	past tense	past participle
stick with	stick with & sticks with	sticking with	stuck with	stuck with

1. stick with p.v. When you stick with a habit, plan, or type of work, you continue as before, without change. Stick to is similar to stick with.

l don't like computers. I'll stick with writing letters by hand.

Todd thought about a career change but decided to stick with teaching.

2. stick with p.v. When you stick with something that you use, you continue to use it.

My wife wants me to switch to decaffeinated coffee, but I'm going to stick with regular.

My mother has stuck with Ivory soap for forty years.

3. stick with p.v. When you stick with people, you remain with them or remain loyal to them.

It'll be very crowded at the festival, so stick with me so you don't get lost.

That other guy running for senator has some good ideas, but I'm going to stick with Senator Dolittle.

4. stick... with p.v. When you stick people with something, you force them to take something or deal with something undesirable or unpleasant.

I'm sorry to stick you with all this work, but you're the only one who can do it.

The shoes I bought don't fit, but the store where I bought them doesn't accept returns, so I guess I'm stuck with them.

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