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A Complete the following text putting the verbs in brackets into the following forms: Present Simple, Future Simple active or passive, the infinitive.
In the Legislative branch, the Senate 1) _____ (represent) each of the states equally, while the House 2) _____ (represent) them according to the size of their respective populations. Each state 3) _____ (have) two senators, who 4) _____ (refer) to in the debate as “the senior senator from…” and “the junior senator from”… depending on their length of service.
The Constitution 5) _____ (assign) specific powers and responsibilities to Congress 6) _____ (enact) legislation necessary to provide for the common defense and the general welfare of the United States. It 7) _____ (give) the Senate exclusive authority 8) _____ (advise) and consent on all nominations and treaties. Most important, the Senate 9) _____ (provide) a forum where senators, elected by the people, can debate different issues and form the laws under which the nation 10) _____ (operate).
Although its purpose 11) _____ (be) not always apparent, each legislative procedure, each action, each debate 12) _____ (play) a role in the legislative process. Even the architectural and artistic features of the chamber 13) _____ (represent) various stages of development in the Senate’s two centuries of history.
With fewer rules, the Senate 14) _____ (have) a more informal atmosphere. Senators may 15) _____ (debate) a proposal for weeks or even months. In contrast, the complex rules in the House 16) _____ (require) that legislation move quickly once it 17) _____ (reach) the floor. House debates rarely 18) _____ (last) more than one day. Moreover, leaders of the House of Representatives have more power than leaders in the Senate. For example, the rules of the House 19) _____ (allow) its leaders 20) _____ (make) key decisions about legislative work without consulting other House members.
Most of the work of Congress 21) _____ (carry out) in Committees. Since the House is so large, newly elected representatives are aware of the fact that they 22) _____ (not to make) a practice of expressing their positions on the floor, where they will have only limited time 23) _____ (speak). In the Committees, however, representatives have more influence, and they have the time 24) _____ (study) and shape bills.
B Complete these sentences using appropriate modal verbs: can, may or must.
1 No branch in the US government _____ have two much power thanks to the system of checks and balances.
2 A senator _____ be at least 30 years old.
3 According to the Constitution each house _____ determine the rules of proceedings.
4 The leaders of the House of Representatives _____ make key decisions about legislative work without consulting other House members.
5 The President and the majority in the Congress _____ be from different parties.
6 The President’s policies _____ be approved by the Congress before they _____ become law.
7 The President _____ be able to convince Congressmen of his point of view.
8 The head of each executive department _____ be approved by the Senate.
9 If the President disagrees with the bill and doesn’t sign it, he _____ veto it.
10 The President _____ do his job according to the Constitution or he _____ be impeached.
11 The judicial branch _____ declare the laws unconstitutional.
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