Computing Programming

Programming is the process of preparing a set of coded instructions which enables the computer to solve specific problems or to perform specific functions. The essence of computer programming is the encoding of the program for the computer by means of algorithms. The thing is that any problem is expressed in mathematical terms, it contains formulae, equations and calculations. But the computer cannot manipulate formulae, equations and calculations. Any problem must be specially processed for the computer to understand it, that is - coded or programmed.

The programs are lists of instructions that will be followed by the control unit of the central processing unit (CPU).

There are two common techniques for planning the logic of a program. The first technique is flowcharting. A flowchart is a plan in the form of a graphic or pictorial representation that uses predefined symbols to illustrate the program logic. It is, therefore, a "picture" of the logical steps to be performed by the computer.

The second technique for planning program logic is called pseudocode. Pseudocode is an imitation of actual program instructions. It allows a program-like structure without the burden of programming rules to follow.

Задания к тексту VIII

1. Запомните значения ключевых слов: a list of instructions – перечень команд, flowcharting – построение блок-системы, pictorial representation – наглядное представление, burden – затраты, programming rule – правила программирования, program logic – логическая последовательность выполнения программ.

2. Переведите следующие слова, не пользуясь словарем: specific, symbol, algorithm, formulae, imitation, calculation, logic.

3. Найдите в тексте 3 предложения, в которых сказуемые, выражены в Passive Voice.

4. Прочтите предложения, выбирая из текста английские эквиваленты к русским словам, заключенным в скобках.

a) The computer cannot manipulate formulae, (уравнениями) and calculations.

b) There are two techniques for planning the logic of a program: flowcharting and (псевдопрограмма).

c) The programs are lists of instructions that will be followed by the control unit of (центрального процессора).

5. Прочтите текст и переведите его со словарем.

Text IX

The Internet is a global network of computer networks, which allows organizations and individuals to share all sorts of information and computer resources. The system comprises networks interconnected all over the world, from universities and large corporations to commercial online systems and non-profit organizations. You can send and receive e-mail, explore the Web, transfer files, have live conversations, take part in online forums, use remote computers, etc.

The Internet offers services such as e-mail, file transfer, newsgroups, real-time chats and information retrieval on the World Wide Web. The Web is the most important part of the Internet. The Web is a huge collection of ‘pages’ stored on computers all over the world. Web pages contain all sorts of information in the form of text, pictures, sounds and video. They also have links to other resources on the net. You can use the Web to find and download software, buy products online, search for information, read information about thousands of topics.

Дата добавления: 2015-11-13