The Birth of Law

Rules and laws - and the conventions or (1) customs from which they are descended - have been a part of human (2) ______________________________ ever since our ancestors first began to live in large and settled groups. But our knowledge is vague of laws that

were in effect, before the invention of writing in about 3500 B.C. The earliest known (3) ______________________________ was written by Ur-Nammu, a king of the Mesopotamian city of Ur, in about 2100 B.C. It dealt largely with compensation for bodily (4) _________________________________, and with the penalties for witchcraft and runaway (5) ______________________________.

wrongdoer, oath, method, innocence, trial

Early Juries

In medieval Europe, trials were usually decided by ordeals, in which it was believed God intervened, revealing the (6) ________________________ and upholding the righteous. In the ordeal by water, for instance, a priest admonished the water not to accept a liar. The person whose oath was being tested was then thrown in. If he floated, his (7) _________________________ was deemed to have been perjured. If he was telling the truth, he might drown but his (8) _________________________ was clear.

In 1215, however, the Catholic Church decided that (9) __________________________ by ordeal was superstition, and priests were forbidden to take part. As a result, a new (10) __________________________ of trial was needed, and the jury system emerged.

ОТВЕТЫ К ЗАДАНИЯМ

VOCABULARY

I.

1. decide 2. burglary 3. freshman 4. ban 5. mean 6. doughnut 7. detective

8. coach 9. joke 10. bee 11. unpleasant 12. scruffy 13. drawer

14. mass-produced 15. sign 16. celebrity 17. happy 18. whale 19. escape

20. invisible 21. government 22. insulated 23. advice 24. helicopter 25. widow

II.

1. e 2. o 3. e 4. o 5. e 6. e 7. e 8. e

9. e 10. o 11. o 12. e 13. e 14. e 15. o 16. o

17. o 18. e 19. o 20. e 21. e 22. o 23. o

24. e 25. o 26. o 27. e 28. o 29. o 30. e

III.

Part A 1. e 2. g 3. f 4. a 5. c 6. b 7. d

Part B 1. f 2. g 3. e 4. d 5. b 6. a 7. c

Part C 1. f 2. c 3. g 4. e 5. a 6. b 7. d

Part D 1. c 2. g 3. d 4. f 5. a 6. e 7. b

IV.

Part A 1. b 2. a 3. g 4. f 5. d

Part B 1. f 2. a 3. b 4. e 5. d

Part C 1. f 2. a 3. g 4. b 5. e

Part D 1. d 2. f 3. a 4. b 5. c

GRAMMAR

I.

1. the, the, the, – 2. an 3. a, – 4. –, –

5. an, –, – 6. the, –, – 7. – 8. a, –

9. the 10. – 11. –, a, a, the 12. the

13. – 14. the, the 15. a

II.

1. B 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. A

6. C 7. C 8. A 9. C 10. B

11. B 12. A 13. C 14. B 15. A

16. B 17. A 18. C 19. A 20. B

III.

1. somebody 2. something 3. somewhere 4. anything 5. anything 6. anybody 7. somewhere 8. somebody

9. something 10. something 11. anybody 12. anything 13. somebody 14. anywhere 15. somebody 16. anything

17. somewhere 18. something 19. anybody 20. anything 21. something 22. somebody 23. anybody

24. something 25. anything 26. anything 27. anything 28. somebody 29. anything 30. somebody

IV.

1. B 6. B 11. C 16. C 21. A 26. C

2. B 7. C 12. B 17. A 22. B 27. B

3. B 8. C 13. A 18. B 23. B 28. A

4. C 9. A 14. B 19. B 24. C 29. C

5. B 10. B 15. C 20. C 25. B 30. A

V.

1. A 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. C

6. A 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. A

11. B 12. A 13. A 14. C 15. A

16. C 17. B 18. C 19. B 20. C

21. B 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. C

26. B 27. A 28. A 29. B 30. C

31. A 32. B 33. A 34. A 35. B

36. C 37. A 38. A 39. B 40. A

VI.

1. You live in Madrid, don’t you?

2. Whose car did you borrow?

3. Have you ever drunk whisky?

4. Who broke the window last Monday?

5. How long have you lived in your town?

6. Where did you go on holiday last year?

7. Who told you about George’s girlfriend? (Who told George’s girlfriend about you?)

8. What are you looking for in my bag?

9. She doesn’t like visiting exotic countries, does she?

10. How many foreign countries has he visited?

11. Why wasn’t I invited to your party?

12. When was this castle built?

13. Does your mother enjoy watching comedies?

14. What are Tom and Sally talking about? (What are Sally and Tom talking about?)

15. When did you start learning English?

16. How often does she play tennis?

17. Why haven’t you got a dictionary?

18. Where did she live when she was a child?

19. Who is going to make sandwiches?

20. Who did she get married to?

READING COMPREHENSION

Text A Text B

I. 1. d 2. e 3. b 4. a 5. c

II. 1. a 2. a 3. c 4. c 5. a

III. 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. F 5. T

I. 1. c 2. e 3. d 4. a 5. b

II. 1.b 2. c 3. a 4. b 5. c

III. 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T

Text C Text D

I. 1. e 2. d 3. a 4. b 5. c

II. 1. b 2. c 3. a 4. c 5. c

III. 1. T 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. T

I. 1. c 2. d 3. e 4. a 5. b

II. 1. b 2. b 3. a 4. a 5. c

III. 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. F

ENGLISH FOR SCIENCE

I.

1. b 2. c 3. d 4. f 5. a 6. e

7. d 8. c 9. e 10. a 11. f 12. b

13. d 14. f 15. b 16. e 17. с 18. a

19. b 20. e 21. f 22. c 23. a 24. d

25. e 26. c 27. b 28. f 29. d 30. a

31. c 32. e 33. d 34. a 35. f 36. b

II.

1. vital 2. to focus 3. electricity 4. radius 5. source 6. bare 7. discharge 8. a channel 9. current 10. artificial

11. irrigation 12. a plain 13. an atom 14. to condense 15. satellite 16. to magnify 17. to examine 18. a cell 19. to purify 20. to pollute

21. to deposit 22. to radiate 23. a catalyst 24. silt 25. moist 26. to base on 27. to observe 28. a glacier 29. to consist of 30. to grind out

31. jointed 32. to wash away 33. to apply 34. construction 35. climate 36. boundaries 37. a pattern 38. fuel 39. motion 40. lightning

III.

1. 10 2. 7 cm 3. 8 cm 4. 350 cc 5. 25 mph 6. £8 7. 100 8. 4

9. $7 10. 24 cm² 11. 60 12. 48 cm² 13. 5 hours 14. 7 15. 36 cm² 16. $2

17. 10 18. 10 cm 19. 25 20. £9.8 21. 8 cm 22. 39 23. $3 24. 7 cm

25. $4 26. 5 cm 27. 3 28. 19 29. 12 cm 30. 8 cm 31. 7 32. 22

33. 4 cm 34. 500 sec 35. 68 36. 9 37. 99 38. 250 39. 5 cm 40. 1

IV.

Text A 1. property 2. freezes 3. effect 4. surface 5. moulded 6. Glaciers 7. expanded

Text B 1. vital 2. pressure 3. liquid 4. gradually 5. evaporates 6. stored 7. fractional

Text C 1. jet 2. propulsion 3. evaporates 4. steam 5. heat 6. expansion 7. source

Text D 1. artificial 2. telescopes 3. sources 4. signals 5. increased 6. transmitted 7. measure

V.

1. с 2. a 3. d 4. e 5. b

6. b 7. d 8. a 9.e 10.c

11. d 12. e 13. b 14. c 15. a

16. b 17. e 18. d 19. a 20. c

21. c 22. d 23. a 24. e 25. b

26. d 27. e 28. a 29. c 30. b

31. c 32. d 33. e 34. a 35. b

36. c 37. e 38. d 39. b 40. a

41. e 42. d 43. a 44. b 45. c

46. e 47. a 48. b 49. d 50. c

VI.

1. b 2. a

3. c 4. b

5. c 6. b

7. a 8. b

9. b 10. a

11. c 12. b

13. b 14. b

15. a 16. c

17. b 18. c

19. b 20. a

ECONOMICS

I

1. f 6. f 11. d 16. b 21. d 26. e 31. c 36. c

2. c 7. e 12. f 17. e 22. c 27. a 32. e 37. f

3. e 8. g 13. a 18. g 23. e 28. d 33. f 38. g

4. g 9. b 14. g 19. d 24. a 29. b 34. b 39. a

5. a 10. c 15. b 20. c 25. b 30. g 35. a 40. e

II

1. b 7. e 13. d 19. c 25. b

2. d 8. a 14. b 20. b

3. c 9. b 15. e 21. e

4. a 10. c 16. d 22. d

5. e 11. c 17. e 23. a

6. d 12. a 18. a 24. c

III

1. c 7. e 13. b 19. b 25. d

2. d 8. a 14. c 20. c

3. a 9. c 15. d 21. e

4. b 10. b 16. d 22. c

5. e 11. e 17. e 23. a

6. d 12. a 18. a 24. b

TOURISM

I

1. a 7. g 13. b 19. d 25. d

2. d 8. b 14. a 20. a 26. c

3. e 9. a 15. f 21. f 27. g

4. g 10. c 16. c 22. c 28. f

5. f 11. c 17. g 23. g 29. a

6. e 12. e 18. f 24. b 30. d

II

1. c 3. e 5. a 7. c 9. e

2. d 4. b 6. d 8. b 10. a

III

1. move 8. railroad 14. smoking 20. get in

2. travel 9. catch 15. taking off 21. beforehand

3. progress 10. booking-office 16. height 22. booking-office

4. car 11. board 17. seat-belt 23. journey

5. role 12. notices 18. numerous 24. luggage

6. comfort 13. useful 19. danger 25. various

7. tickets

LAW

I

1. b 4. c 7. e 10. d 13. d

2. a 5. d 8. b 11. c 14. b

3. e 6. c 9. a 12. a 15. e

II

1. f 3. g 5. a 7. g 9. a

2. e 4. c 6. e 8. f 10. d

III

1. customs 3. legal text 5. slaves 7. oath 9. trial

2. life 4. injuries 6. wrongdoer 8. innocence 10. method

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

Предисловие …………………………………………….……………..3

Vocabulary …………………………………………………………..….4

Grammar ………………………………………………….………........10

Reading Comprehension……………………………………..…………21

English For Science..…………………………………...…………….…28

Economics………………………………………………………………42

Tourism…………………………………………………………………49

Law…………………………………………………...…………………54

Ответы к заданиям ……………………………………………………57

Дата добавления: 2015-11-14