Industrial Development and Urbanization of Tyumen North

Words to remember:

Authority – авторитет, власть

To commence- начаться

To ensure - гарантировать

To depend – зависеть

Due to – благодаря чему-то

To establish –учреждать

Enterprise - предприятие

To found – основывать

To qualify – квалифицировать

Length – длина

To manage – управлять

Network – сеть

Order – заказ

To product – производить

Sale – продажа

Shipbuilding – кораблестроение

Text 1A

Read the text.

Within relatively short period of time a small merchant town of Tyumen became an administrative centre managing construction of the largest oil and gas producing complex in the country. Big production associations – Glavtyumenneftegas and Glavtyumenneftegazstroy – were established in Tyumen.

In 1964 Tyumen Industrial Institute was founded in order to ensure training of highly qualified specialists for the oil and gas sector. Later the Institute was reorganised into Tyumen Oil and Gas University – one of the leading higher schools in the region. Industrial enterprises of Tyumen performed the orders for oil and gas fields construction and development. Thus in 1969 the first floating power plant “Severnoye siyaniye” was built on Tyumen Shipbuilding Plant.

In 1972 the construction of the biggest national oil pipeline Samotlor-Almetyevsk commenced. The length of the pipeline was about 1850 kilometres. Upon completion of construction the oil produced in Western Siberia was transported to the foreign countries through the network of Druzhba pipeline. At that time due to considerable growth of the world oil prices and “energy crisis” in West European counties, the Soviet Union started gaining the authority of a major world “resource power”. National economy of the Soviet Union more and more depended on the funds gained through the sales of energy resources.

EXERCISES:

1.Find Russian equivalents to English word combinations:

floating power plant	торговый город
merchant town	энергоресурсы
resource power	плавучая электростанция

2.Use right postfixes to form new words. Find them in the text and translate:

To administrate, to associate, to complete, to construct, to consider, to develop, to gain, to grow, high, industry, relative

- ion, - ment, - ing, - th, - ly, - ive, -able, - al

3.Answer the questions:

a) What production associations were established in Tyumen due to petroleum deposits discovering?

b) When was Tyumen Industrial Institute (Oil and Gas University nowadays) founded?

c) How long was the biggest national oil pipeline Samotlor-Almetyevsk?

Text 1B

Words to remember:

To arrive – прибывать

Camp – лагерь

To connect – соединять

To deliver – поставлять

Demand – требование

Facility – объект

To involve – включать

To locate – располагаться

To mount – устанавливать

Rare – редкий

Reliable – надежный

To provide- обеспечивать

Swiftly – быстро

To satisfy – удовлетворять

To set up – учреждать, создавать

Several – несколько

Solution – решение

Thus – таким образом

Unique – уникальный

Urgent – срочный

EXERCISES:

1.Compare English and Russian word combinations:

in immediate proximity	низкая плотность
peculiar feature	по сменному графику
low density	отличительная черта
major difficulties	инженерное оборудование
technical equipment	главные трудности
on shift basis	в непосредственной близости

2.Guess the meaning of the definitions below:

Complicated, difficult-to-access, uninhabited

3.Complete the word combinations with adjectives from the text:

extreme	climatic	living	conditions
…	…	…	areas
…	…	…	tasks
…	…	…	settlements

4.Read and translate the text:

One of the most urgent and complicated tasks was construction of unique oil and gas fields situated in difficult-to-access areas with low density of population, sometimes in uninhabited areas of taiga and tundra. The process of construction and facilities set up was connected not only with the problem to deliver and to mount technical equipment into northern areas with extreme climatic conditions, but also with the problem of laying pipelines and other engineering service lines.

One of major difficulties was to provide working and living conditions for an important number of people involved into the process of industrial development. A solution of this problem was organization of work on shift basis. Most often teams of specialists arrived to work on sites located in remote areas far from big towns (called “big land” in the north). The period of work was from several weeks to several months. Living conditions were of minimum comfort. The specialists lived in camps. However work organized on shift basis could not fully satisfy the demands of swiftly developing administrative and technological infrastructure of the oil and gas complex.

Thus from mid 60’s intensive urbanization of Tyumen north started. As a result within a short period of time a specific system of settling was established. With the exception of rare examples when new centres of development were established in places of historical settlements (like Salekhard, Khanty-Mansiysk, Surgut and Berezovo founded in the XVI – XVII centuries), the majority of new towns and settlements were created from zero in immediate proximity to major oil and gas fields and industrial facilities. Due to this peculiar feature many towns and settlements are distance from each other for hundreds of kilometres. For many years aviation has been the only reliable way of communication between the towns.

Дата добавления: 2015-11-14