In English In Ukrainian

1. Substantive-nominal: 1. Субстантивно-номінативні:

a) subject subordinate clauses а) підметові підрядні речення

b) predicative subordinate clauses б) присудкові підрядні речення

c) objective subordinate clauses в) додаткові підрядні речення

2. Qualitatively-nominal: 2. Квалітативно-номінативні:

a) descriptive attributive clauses а) описові атрибутивні підрядні речення

b) restrictive/limiting attributive б) обмежуючі атрибутивні підрядні clauses речення

3. Adverbial Clauses: 3. Адвербіальні підрядні речення:

of time, place, purpose, cause, часу, місця, мети, причини, спо-

собу,

attending circumstances, condition, дії, умови, допусту, наслідку тощо,

concession, result, etc.

68. Compound Sentences in Languages compared Clauses in compound sentences of the contrasted languages are mostly joined by means of co-ordinate conjunctions which provide parataxal relations between them. Conjunctions joining clauses in compound sentences of the contrasted languages are practically of the same semantic nature: copulative, adversative, and causal/or (in English only). Equally common in the contrasted languages are various connectives that join coordinate clauses. These are as follows: therefore, consequently, accordingly, then, hence, so, while, as well as and some explanatory connective words (that is to say, such as, like, let me say and others), which have corresponding functional (and semantic) equivalents in Ukrainian (отже, та, а саме, звідси, тобто, тоді, як-то, так-як,...так, скажімо, то...то). Co-ordinate conjunctions, as well as various connectives, realize their functional and semantic meaning in structurally and semantically identical English and Ukrainian compound sentences. This is to be explained by the existence of common relations that are created between the coordinate clauses of compound sentences and to a large degree by the semantic meanings of conjunctions/connectives that join these clauses. As a result, isomorphism, if not exact likeness, is observed in the nature of some subtypes of English and Ukrainian compound sentences. These isomorphic features find their expressions in the existence of the following subtypes of them:

1) compound sentences with free/ netral Interrelation between their clauses (when you transform the coordinate clauses in the sentence, the meaning is not changed)

2) compound sentences with adversative interrelation between their clauses (but, still, yet), the placement of clauses is fixed and predetermined because the second part is semantically dependent, the nature of the conjunction or connective word requires such an order, there are more then one conjunction, there are can be another sentences joined with the following, the existence of extension or expansion of component clauses.

3) Contrastive and adversative compound sentences (and in the meaning of “ a”) transformation of this kind is impossible in both languages when their clauses are semantically bound to one object or action.

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