Insert till, until, to where appropriate.

1. Go on... the crossroads.

2. Go on... you see a church on your right.

3. We work from 9 a.m.... 6 p.m.

4. Start now and go on... I tell you to stop.

5. I'm going to wait... it stops raining.

6. You'll have to stay in bed... your temperature goes down.

7. The library is open from 10... 4 o'clock.

8. This train goes... York.

9. We have lunch from 12.00... 1.00. Then we start again and go on... 5.30.

10. Go back... the hotel and wait there...I call for you.

11. I'm not going for a walk, I'm only going... the bank. ~ Then you'd better wait... the bank opens.

12. If you're going... the Post Office would you post a letter for me? ~ Yes, of course; but it won't go... tomorrow.

Part 2 for, since (see also Exercise 122)

PEG 91,187

Insert for or since.

1. It's a long time... I had a good meal. Or I haven't had a good meal... ages.

2. I've been waiting for Tom... 6.00; I wonder if he's lost his way.

3. Ever... his accident he's been afraid of flying.

4. I haven't seen Tom... we left school.

5. The astronauts have already been in orbit... two days.

6.... last year the noise has become very much worse.

7. I've had this toothache... the last week.

8. Her husband died last year, and... then she has been supporting the family. Or She's been supporting the family... the last year.

9. It's three years... I did any skiing. Or I haven't done any skiing... three years.

10. The windows haven't been cleaned... weeks.

11 He has been missing... 48 hours.

12... last year we haven't been allowed to park here.

Part 3 then, after, afterwards

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Insert then, after, or afterwards.

1. We had tea and... went for a walk. Or... tea we went for a walk.

2. We'll have watercress soup to start with. What would you like... that?

3.... waiting for half an hour he went home in disgust.... (later on) he was sorry he hadn't waited longer.

4. I give all the guests breakfast;... I have my own.

5. First you loosen the nuts,... you jack up the car,... you take the wheel off.

6. He listened at the keyhole for a minute;... he opened the door cautiously.

7. University administrators sometimes appear more important than scholars; but the administrators will not be remembered... their death.

8. 'Put your toys away,' said his mother, 'and... we'll have tea.'

9. In the story, the Princess married the Prince and they lived happily ever....

10. He wound up the clock, set the alarm for 5.00,... got into bed and fell asleep.

11. He poured the brandy into a glass, warmed it in his hands a little,... drank it slowly.

12. I covered the pudding with cream and decorated it with cherries. ~ And...?~... we ate it, of course.

13. For years... people remembered that terrible night.

14. I spoke angrily;... (some time later) I regretted my words.

15. He looked round to see that nobody was watching;... he took a piece of bent wire and began trying to open the door.

16. First you say 'Yes', and... you say 'No'. You're an impossible person to make plans with.

114 Auxiliaries + perfect infinitives

PEG 255

Use the perfect infinitive of the verbs in brackets with a suitable auxiliary verb:

I've never seen a London policeman. - You (see) one! You've been in London a week already! You must have seen one.

Note that not placed before the verb in brackets refers to the auxiliary verb:

I heard their phone ringing. - You (not hear) their phone ringing. They haven't got a phone. You couldn't have heard their phone ringing.

1. Jack: I've finished. Ann: But you were only half way through when I went to bed. You (work) all night!

2. The instructions were in French. I translated them into English for him. ~ You (not translate) them. He knows French.

3. Tom: What's happened to Jack? We said 7.30 and now it's 8.00 and there's no sign of him. Ann: He (forget) that we invited him. He is rather forgetful. I (telephone) him yesterday to remind him. (It was foolish of me not to telephone.)

4. Tom: Or he (get) lost. He hasn't been to this house before. I (give) him directions. (I didn't give him directions, which was stupid of me.) Ann: Or he (have) a breakdown or a puncture. Tom: A puncture (not delay) him so long.

5. Ann: Or he (stop) for a drink and (get) involved in an argument. Jack's arguments go on for hours! Tom: Or he (run) out of petrol. Perhaps we'd better go and look for him.

6. You (not feed) the bears! (It was foolish of you to feed them.) Now they'll be angry if the next campers don't feed them too.

7. Nobody has been in this house for a month. ~ Nonsense! Here's last Monday's paper in the wastepaper basket; somebody (be) here quite recently.

8. Two of the players spent the night before the big match at a party. ~ That was very foolish of them. They (go) to bed early.

9. He says that when walking across Kensington Gardens he was attacked by wolves. ~ He (not be attacked) by wolves. There aren't any wolves in Kensington. He (see) some Alsatian dogs and (think) they were wolves.

10. I waited from 8.00 to 8.30 under the clock and he says he waited from 8.00 to 8.30 under the clock, and we didn't see each other! ~ You (wait) under different clocks! There are two in the station, you know.

11. He set off alone a month ago and hasn't been heard of since. ~ He (fall) into a river and (be eaten) by crocodiles. ~ Or (be kidnapped) by tribesmen. ~ Or (catch) fever and (die) of it.

12. We (start) yesterday (this was the plan)-, but the flight was cancelled because of the fog, so we're still here, as you see.

13. Mary to Ann, who has just toiled up six flights of stairs: You (not walk) up! You (come) up in the lift. It's working now.

14. I left my car here under the No Parking sign; and now it's gone. It (be) stolen! ~ Not necessarily. The police (drive) it away.

15. He had two bottles of Coke and got frightfully drunk. ~ He (not get) drunk on Coke. He (drink) gin with it.

16. He was riding a bicycle along the motorway when he. was hit by the trailer of a lorry. These big lorries are very dangerous. - Perhaps, but Paul (not ride) a bicycle along the motorway; bicycles are not allowed.

17. I've lost one of my gloves! ~ The puppy (take) it. I saw him running by just now with something in his mouth. It (be) your glove.

18. We've run out of petrol! ~ I'm not surprised. I noticed that the tank was nearly empty when left home. ~ You (tell) me! We (get) petrol at the last village. Now we've got a 10-mile walk!

19. If the ground hadn't been so soft the horse I backed (win) instead of coming in second. He never does very well on soft ground.

20. I've written to Paul. ~ You (not write). He's coming here tomorrow. You'll see him before he gets your letter.

21. They (build) a two-storey house (this was the original plan), but money ran out so they built a bungalow instead.

22. If the dog hadn't woken us we (not notice) the fire for several hours, and by that time it (spread) the house next door.

23. Why didn't you wait for me yesterday? ~ I waited five minutes. ~ You (wait) a little longer!

24. How did Peter get here? ~ He (come) on a motorcycle. {This is a possibility.) ~ He (not come) on a motorcycle. He doesn't ride one. ~ He (come) as a pillion passenger.

25. (Alice, staying at a hotel for the first time, carefully washes up the early morning tea things.) Mother: You (not do) that. The hotel staff do the washing up.

26. Why are you so late? You (be) here two hours ago!

27. Mrs Smith: I've cooked scrambled eggs for Mr Jones, because of his diet, and steak and onions for everyone else. Mr Jones: You (not cook) anything special for me, Mrs Smith; I'm not on a diet any longer.

28. If I'd known we'd have to wait so long I (bring) a book. ~ If I'd known it was going to be so cold I (not come) at all!

29. Tom (looking out of the window): Fortunately that teapot didn't hit anyone, but you (not throw) it out of the window, Ann! You (kill) someone.

30. Look at this beautiful painting! Only a very great artist (paint) such a picture! ~ Nonsense! A child of five (paint) it with his eyes shut.

31. I wonder how the fire started. ~ Oh, someone (drop) a lighted cigarette. Or it (be) an electrical fault. ~

32. You don't think it (be started) deliberately? ~ Well, I suppose it (be). {It is possible.) But who would do a thing like that?

33. There is only one set of footprints, so the kidnapper (carry) his prisoner out. He not (do) it in daylight or he (be) seen. He (wait) till dark.

34. I went with him to show him the way. ~ You (not do) that. {That wasn 't necessary.) He knows the way.

35. Then an enormous man, ten feet tall, came into the ring. ~ He (not be) ten feet tall really. He (walk) on stilts.

36. He jumped out of a sixth-floor window and broke his neck. ~ You say 'jumped'. It (not be) an accident? ~ No. The window was too small. It (be) deliberate.

115 Auxiliaries + perfect infinitives

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