Oтклонения от правила согласования времен

Случаи отклонения от правила согласования времен:

- в определительных придаточных предложениях, а также придаточных причинных и сравнительных предложениях глагол может употребляться во временах Present и Future: My brother told me about the book which you are reading. He was not able to translate the article because he does not know English well enough. He refused to go to the theatre as he will have an examination in Economy in a few days. It was not so cold yesterday as it is today.

- глаголы must ( в случае выражения приказания или совета ), should и ought употребляются в придаточном предложении независимо от того, в каком времени стоит глагол главного предложения: He tells (told) us that we mustn’t cross the road against the red light. He says (said) that I ought to send her a telegram at once. I tell (told) him that he should consult a doctor.

- форма Present сослагательного наклонения употребляется независимо от того, в каком времени стоит глагол главного предложения: It is (was) necessary that he send us the documents.

- глагол в дополнительном придаточном предложении выражает общеизвестный факт: Galileo proved that the earth moves (moved) round the sun.

- в научной и технической литературе после глаголов типа to believe, to assume, to suggest, to express, to maintain, и т.д., которые по своему значению не констатируют общеизвестную истину, а указывают на предположительные факты: The author suggested that the main valency chains of lignin are built up by a repeating 2-ring system.

Упр. 157. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в соответствующем времени.

a. They held that this observation _____ (show) the reaction to be intermolecular.

b. Kelner discovered that visible light ____ (have) the remarkable ability of restoring viability.

c. It was noticed that some water ____ (distill) at the beginning of the distillation.

d. It was supposed that hydrate formation ____ (play) a part in the aqueous polymerization.

e. He was modeling the simplest possible chemical reaction – hydrogen exchange, in which a hydrogen atom ____ (slam) into a hydrogen molecule and _____ (replace) one of its two atoms.

f. It was found that other derivatives ____ (not result) in higher yields.

g. He established the formula of the alcohol and suggested that saponification of the ester (under rather drastic conditions) _____ (proceed) as follows.

h. It was shown that the velocity constant ____ (be) unaffected by an increase in viscosity of the reacting mixture of over 2,000 fold.

i. Gauss deduced the fundamental theorem from Proposition 30 in Book 7 of Euclid’s Elements, which ____ (state) that if a prime ____ (divide) a product of two integers, then the prime must also divide at last one of the factors.

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