By Rebecca Murray, About.com Guide

Now that you've done three of these are there things that you wish had made into the movie from the book that didn't?

Kristen Stewart: "Yeah, totally. There are a million things. I mean every single time we watch one of the movies, especially when the cast watches it together, it's always an incredibly frustrating experience. That's why I'm glad that Breaking Dawn is going to be two movies, which I can finally say. So there's going to be less of that, less of having to lose stuff."

How long have you known that Breaking Dawn was going to be two films and how long will the shoot be?

Kristen Stewart: "The shoot is going to be something like six months. We start in October. I think we're not going to be finished until maybe March or something, maybe February. I clearly don't really look at the schedule."

"I had to hold onto this forever. They've been talking about it for a really long time and we all definitely knew that it was going to be two movies forever now. It's been really hard not to say that. We're all really stoked on that."

Is there a scene in Breaking Dawn that you hope makes the movie?

Kristen Stewart: "There are a million and we haven't even shot it yet. I can't wait to get married and have a kid. It's all of that. It's going to be crazy."

In Robert Pattinson's interview last week he said in reference to Breaking Dawn that he wanted to make it rated R and stick to the book. Would you like to stick to the book and bring the rating up, or do you think it should be toned down?

Kristen Stewart: "I guess that everybody interprets those things differently. My guess is that it'll be PG-13. I have no idea, but I guess we'll all see when it comes out. "

Do you see an opportunity in Breaking Dawn, since it's two films, to create two interpretations of Bella, pre-vampire and post-vampire?

Kristen Stewart: "Yeah, actually. I really can't wait to get into that because I've been on the outskirts of what it would feel like to play one of them. I had to think about it a lot, considering that Bella is dating one of them very seriously. It's been years of dealing with these issues and I've thought about it a lot and I can't wait to actually be it. It's going to be a trip. It's going to be weird and I think she does change a lot. I think she's going to be the coolest vampire out of all of them. She's got the greatest power. She's untouchable. Nothing can touch her and I think that literally she can protect the whole clan. She's such a mother, too."

"I think it'll be awesome to see how much she's changed from Twilight where she's this 17 year old kid who really doesn't care about whole lot other than herself. To see her become this matriarch will be really cool."

Task 7: Writing Complete News Stories

You are a journalist who works in a local editorial office. Your editor-in-chief has asked you to write a news story based on the suggested information. Choose any situation you like and write a complete news story. First of all critically examine the information’s language and organization, improving it whenever possible. To provide a pleasing change of pace, also use some quotations in your stories. Assume that you have enough space to report every important and interesting detail. Correct any errors you may find in grammar, spelling and punctuation. Don’t forget to take into consideration discourse categories you are familiar with. If you have forgotten some information about the structure of a news story, then you may come back to the texts about the story structure you have studied in this unit.

1. It was almost like a popular movie titled “Home Alone”. It involved an 11-year-old girl in your city, Andrea Jones of 4851 Edmee Cir. When you interviewed her today, Andrea said she doesn’t feel much like a hero. “I was scared,” she said. “I thought he was going to see me and beat me up or something if he got in, so I tried to hide at first.” In fact, Andrea used her imagination and a baseball bat – to thwart a would-be burglar who tried to break into her family’s home when she was home alone. The incident began when Andrea was home alone, watching television at approximately 6 p.m. last night. Her parents and 3 sisters had left the house to go pick up a pizza for dinner. They had been gone for only a few minutes and were due back very shortly. Andrea

told you that she was watching television and heard a noise. “I saw a man at the window and ran to my bedroom to hide in the closet,” she said. “Then I remembered the bat there. I went back into the dining room and saw this guy opening the window. He put his hand in first. He was coming in the window, and had his left hand on a table there. I took the bat and hit it as hard as I could. I, uh, really smashed it hard. He screamed like real loud, man, and ran away. Then, uh, I called 911.” Police Detective Jack Noonan was at the scene and, when questioned by you, commented on the case, stating that: “Preferably, we would like to see someone in an incident like this call 911 first. It's safer that way. Someone could get really hurt in a situation like this. In this case, the girl was lucky. She kept her head, and she was

really brave about it. She was home alone and decided she should protect herself and her house. She must have really walloped the guy. There’s a lot of blood on the window and table, so now we’re looking for someone who’s injured.” Police found the bad guy later last night. After the break-in, they notified hospital emergency wards to be on the look-out for a man suffering from trauma to his left hand and, shortly after 1 a.m., received a call from the Regional Medical Center, where a man matching a description Andrea gave the police came in for treatment of a very badly cut, broken, swollen, and painful left hand. He has been arrested and charged with attempted burglary. Police identified the man as Steven Jabil, 23, of 800 Crestbrook Loop, Apt. 314.

(написать статью на примере этой статьи, распечатать и принести):

2. Some said she shouldn’t be charged with murder. She wasn’t. She’s a doctor. She had a patient with leukemia. She admitted helping her patient commit suicide. Today she was cleared by a state board of charges of misconduct. The 7-member board – your states Board for Professional Medical Conduct – could have revoked her license to practice medicine. Instead it concluded that the actions of Dr. Catrina Lowrie were “legal and ethically appropriate.” Lowrie is an internist at the Regional Medical Center in your city. No one might have known what she did, but she described it in a public speech sponsored by your city’s chapter of the Hemlock Society, and an anonymous caller called the police about what she said. In the speech she described how she prescribed barbiturates for a patient and made sure the patient knew how many to take to kill herself. The patient, who has since been identified as Irma Cain of 427 Hidden Lane, was 37 years old and, her husband and parents said, in terrible, hopeless pain. They supported the doctor in the matter, their attorney said, but they refused to talk to you about it. Cain decided to commit suicide rather than undergo chemotherapy for cancer which would have given her only a 25% chance of survival. Her death occurred six months ago. Last month, a grand jury investigated the matter and then cleared the doctor of criminal responsibility for the woman’s death. Now the board, which issued its ruling late yesterday, said that the doctor did nothing medically improper in prescribing the barbiturates because “she could not have known with certainty what use a patient might make of the drug she prescribed, and which was totally appropriate and needed by her patient.” Lowrie said in a statement that the ruling “seemed like a very thoughtful decision.” The members of the board stated that they were not condoning “so-called assisted suicide.” They added that this case differed from other recently publicized cases in that Lowrie had a longstanding relationship with her patient. In addition, she did not directly take part in ending her patient’s life. Rather, she prescribed pills needed to alleviate the patient’s pain, and the patient, by herself, took them all at once in a successful attempt to terminate her own life and very painful suffering from the deadly disease.

3. There's a totally new idea starting to be implemented in your city. Some call it “a pilot program.” Others call it “a satellite school.” Your School Board likes the idea because it saves the board money. Businesses like it because it helps them attract and retain good employees. There was a meeting of your city’s School Board last night. Greg Hubbard, superintendent of your city’s school system, recommended the idea, and the School Board then proceeded to vote 6-1 in favor of trying the new idea. What’s the idea? It’s to mix companies and classrooms. Recently, plans were announced to construct a major new General Electric manufacturing plant in your city. The plant will employ a total of more than 600 employees, many of them women who will work on assembly lines, helping make small appliances for the new General Electric plant. To attract and retain qualified women, many of whom have young children, the plant wants a

school to be located on its premises. It offered to provide, free of charge, free space: to construct a separate building on its premises with 3 rooms built according to the School Boards specifications. It’s the wave of the future, Hubbard told the School Board last night. It’s a win-win situation, he added. He explained that it is a good employee benefit, and it helps ease crowding in the district’s schools if some students go elsewhere. The details are being negotiated. To start with at first, the school will have three rooms and serve about 60 kindergarten and first-grade children of employees. The school district will equip the classrooms and pay the salaries of a teacher and a teacher’s aide for each classroom. At this point in time there are only approximately 20 school districts in the entire country trying the idea. Students will eat in the factory’s employee cafeteria and play on a playground also provided by the new factory. Parents will provide transportation to and from the facility.

Equipping each classroom will cost in the neighborhood of approximately $10,000. The price is about the same as for a regular classroom. Hubbard said if the program is successful, it will expand to other companies. A company will have to supply a minimum of 20 children to justify the cost of the program which could, if successful, serve young students in 2nd and possibly 3rd grades as well. The program is thought to attract and retain more employees-to reduce the rate of attrition, thus saving companies the cost of training new employees. That is especially important in industries with many low-paying positions in which there is often a high turnover. It’s also a solution to working parents who feel there is never enough time to spend with their children. Hubbard said one of the nice things is that many will have the opportunity to ride to and from work and also have lunch with their children.

4. The announcement is a major one. It was made at a press conference this morning in the office of Enrico Lowdes, director of the Regional Medical Center. The announcement is that the hospital is one of 10 medical facilities located throughout the entire United States selected to participate in an important new study the purpose of which is to determine whether or not a new technique will be successful in helping smokers stop smoking. The hospital will not accept volunteers to participate in the experiment. Rather, Lowdes said, doctors in the city will be asked to refer a total of 800 of their patients who smoke and want to stop smoking to the hospital for participation in the experiment. Lowdes noted that nicotine is as addictive as cocaine or heroin. That may explain why 28% of adult Americans smoke. Experts estimate that as many as 90% of those who now smoke say they would like to quit. Many have tried to kick the habit many times but failed. The most difficult part of kicking the habit, Lowdes said, is acute withdrawal symptoms ranging from physical cravings, nervousness, irritation, difficulty concentrating, difficulty sleeping, and changes in appetite. That is why the Regional Medical Center sought to be one of 10 medical facilities in the United States to test a new nicotine patch that may help smokers who want to discontinue the habit ease the pain of withdrawal. Lowdes explained that smokers asked to participate in the study will be prescribed adhesive patches. They will be instructed that, as soon as they get up in the morning, they are to apply one of the patches to their upper body. The patch releases a steady level of nicotine throughout the day. It is less nicotine, however, than that provided by cigarettes – but is thought to be enough to alleviate withdrawal symptoms. Nicotine gum is designed to work in much the same way, but some evidence indicates that the patch may be more effective because some people find the gum hard to chew, chew it improperly, or don't use it in sufficient quantity. The 800 patients will be monitored monthly for an entire year in an attempt to determine how many are helped by the patches: how many succeed in stopping smoking over a period of 1 year. Lowdes added finally that the patch may also help smokers quit smoking without gaining as much weight as sometimes happens to smokers who quit the habit.

Task 8: Reporting Controversial Stories (Quoting Opposing Viewpoints)

Write complete news stories about the following controversies. As you write the stories, present both sides of each controversy as fully and as fairly as possible. Also, try to integrate those conflicting viewpoints. Instead of reporting all the opinions voiced by the first source, and then all the conflicting opinions voiced by the second source, try – when appropriate – to report both opinions about the story’s most important issue, and then both opinions about the second, third and fourth issues. Correct any errors you may find in grammar, spelling and punctuation. Take into consideration the key discourse categories.

Story 1: School Attendance Incentive Program

FACTS: Greg Hubbard, superintendent of schools in your city, has adopted a unique but controversial pilot program. Last year, the city’s school district lost $1,132,000 in state funds because it had an overall 6.4 percent absenteeism rate, compared to a statewide average of 5.3%. To try to solve the problem, Hubbard persuaded the members of the school board to set up a $25,000 fund to pay students at Roosevelt High School the equivalent of 25 cents a day – a maximum of $5 a month. Last fall, students in the school began getting a coupon worth 25 cents for every day of attendance. Students can exchange their tokens in the school’s student bookstore for school supplies such as notebooks and pencils. Since then, the absentee rate at the 1,410-student school has averaged about 13.7%, compared to 15.2% for the same period last year, when it had the worst attendance in the city.

ONE SIDE: In an interview in his office today, Supt. Hubbard said: “We're trying this program out in one high school where our worst truancy problems exist. Then if it works, we may expand it to other schools. Under this program, a student can earn the equivalent of $5 a month just for being there – for attending school and compiling a perfect attendance record. They are credited with the equivalent of 25 cents for every day they make it to school and to all their classes on time. They don’t actually get any cash. They get coupons they can use in the school store. We mark up the prices of goods sold in the store about 50%, so it really costs us a lot less than the students receive. So far as I know, the idea has been tried in only two or three other school districts, including one in San Diego, and I just thought we might try it here. We've really got nothing to lose. Some students just don't see any other reason to attend school. My responsibility is to give teachers an opportunity to teach the students, and getting them to attend class is a necessary first step. We already can see the results. Attendance is up, and inquiries have been pouring in from other school districts from all over the state and from news organizations as far away as England and Japan. There’s a tremendous curiosity about it. It sort of shocks some parents to pay children to go to school, but nothing else has worked. If this works, it could save us thousands of dollars a year in lost state aid, and certainly the students are better off being in school.”

THE OTHER SIDE: Stephen I. Wong is chairman of the city’s School Advisory Committee, which is composed of one parent representative from each school in the city. Wong is opposed to the program. Today he said: “The program gambles with taxpayers’ money. The 25 cents they give students comes out of our tax money. If attendance improves by 25 percent or more over a full year, we'll recover the money in increased state aid. But if the attendance figure remains low, we’ll lose money. So we’re gambling, and that just doesn’t seem right. It’s also materialistic and amounts to bribery. We shouldn’t have to pay our children to do something as basic as going to school because then they expect to get paid for everything. Already, we’ve got some students in that high school complaining they aren’t being paid enough, and students in other schools are demanding that they get paid, too. These kids are winding up with some very unrealistic ideas about how the world works and about what education is all about. Besides, the whole thing is cosmetic. It doesn’t solve our real problems. The long-term remedies for truancy lie in more fundamental changes. I'll admit attendance is up so far this year, but not very much, and we don’t know the real reason. It could be the money, or it could be something totally different. You also have to recognize that, once these students get to high school, they don’t have to do well. They can flunk all their classes and still get paid. Some of these students also could be disruptive, so it may be better for other students if they don't come to school. It’s a hell of a mess.”

Story 2: Banning Handguns

FACTS: In a close vote at a City Council meeting in your community last night, the members voted 4 to 3 to ban the sale and possession of handguns, except by law enforcement officers and by those persons holding a permit issued by the chief of police. The law goes into effect on Jan. 1 of next year, and those persons now possessing handguns will, according to the law, have to dispose of them by that time. First-time violators of the law will face a fine of $50 to $500. A second offense carries maximum penalties of up to six months in jail or a fine of up to $500, or both.

ONE SIDE: Councilman Luis Ramirez, who spoke and voted in favor of the law, said during last night’s meeting: “There’s no question, the law is valid and doesn’t infringe on an individual’s constitutional rights. We recognize the deep-seated convictions of a number of persons that they should be permitted to possess handguns for the purpose of protecting themselves and their families and property. But in this case the public interest outweighs the claim of personal interests. We’re adopting this law for the overall good of the entire city, to help protect all its citizens from the careless and lawless use of handguns. I'm sure that hundreds of other cities are going to follow our example and consider similar measures. If they do, a lot of lives could be saved. There’s no sense to the current slaughter. People can’t use handguns to hunt with. Their only purpose is to shoot people. They’re used mostly by criminals and, in this city alone, we have 8 or 10 people killed by guns every year and many more seriously injured. There also are hundreds and hundreds of robberies committed with handguns. This law will help put a stop to that. If people want to hunt, they can still buy a rifle or shotgun, and they can use a rifle or shotgun to protect themselves in their homes if they want. But it’s harder for a criminal to conceal a weapon that large when he goes into a grocery store or restaurant with the intention of robbing it.”

THE OTHER SIDE: Margaret Ungarient, an attorney representing the citizens opposed to the ban, said at the meeting: “We plan to appeal. The law infringes on citizens constitutional right to keep and bear arms. It’s also a matter of self-defense. Criminals do use some handguns in committing crimes. But that doesn’t mean the solution is to take away everyone’s gun. Law-abiding citizens would comply with this law, but criminals never would. So the criminals would be the only ones with guns, and everyone else would be at their mercy. The council has, in effect, ruled in favor of a minority element that has for a long time been trying to deny the rights of other individuals. We won’t rest until this gets reversed in a court of law. If we have to, we’ll take this all the way to the Supreme Court.”

Task 9: Using Quotes in News Stories

You have been given the following information to write complete news stories. Choose any story you like, use direct quotations in each story to emphasize the highlights, but do not use quotations to tell the entire story. Use the most interesting, important and revealing quotations and paraphrase the rest of the quoted information. Correct any errors in grammar and punctuation. Don’t forget to represent some discourse categories in the article.

1. Jonathan Ashton is a congressman representing your state. He is very unhappy about a decision the House of Representatives made on a bill that was recently brought up for a vote: “The President lost a battle in Congress today. Congress decided against spending $12 million for a cause the president favored. The project involved huge dish-shaped antennas which listened for radio signals from outer space. It was cut from NASA's budget. The House today approved a $14.29 billion budget for NASA in a 355–48 vote. If the Senate agrees with the House, the space agency budget for next fiscal year will be $2 billion above current spending levels but $800 million below what the president requested. The president wanted included in the budget $12 million for the alien-search project. NASA’s search for extraterrestrial intelligence, a project known as SETI, was to cost $100 million over 10 years. Its sophisticated radio antennas have picked up only static since the program began, but that does not mean that the program should be abandoned. We never may discover life beyond our own planet if we abandon the search for that life.” Rep. Ronald Machtley, a Republican congressman from Rhode Island, opposes the SETI project and the money being spent on it. He had this to say: “I suggest that the money be spent on education. I'd rather see a search for terrestrial intelligence in our schools than a search for intelligent life in space that may not exist.”

2. The Department of Veterans Affairs today admitted that it’s made a little mistake. This is what Geraldine Anderson, public affairs officer for the Department of Veterans Affairs had to say: “The mistake cost an estimated $5.7 million a year for the past eleven years. Each year, the Veterans Affairs Department pays more than $14.7 billion in disability compensation and pension benefits to more than 2.8 million veterans and to nearly 1 million surviving spouses and other dependents. An audit of those payments revealed that the Department of Veterans Affairs has been paying benefits to more than 1,200 veterans who are dead. The exact total was 1,212 veterans who were reported dead. About 100 of the veterans have been dead a decade or more. Auditors said the department could have reduced the erroneous payments by matching VA benefit payment files with death information maintained by the Social Security Administration. In the past, the department relied on voluntary reporting of deaths as a basis for ending benefits. This means the department will have to develop a new and more strenuous auditing plan to determine who is eligible for benefits and when those benefits should end. Also, the Department of Veterans Affairs will seek to bring to justice those who fraudulently took money from the department that they did not truly deserve. There are many honest and deserving veterans out there who have served their country admirably, and the department wants to continue to serve them and provide the benefits they have earned. But as we all know, it only takes a few rotten apples to spoil the whole barrel. The Department of Veterans Affairs will be implementing a new program in the next several months that will provide a more accurate accounting of the veterans who are receiving benefits and what they are receiving. We are hoping that this new effort will save the department money so there are more funds for those veterans who need our programs.”

3. Dr. Cathleen Graham, M.D., is head of your city’s Department of Health. At a press conference today, she announced that a prominent doctor recently revealed that he has developed AIDS. Following is what she had to say: “Todd Lefforge is an orthodontist who has been working in our community for 11 years. He is 36 years old and lives at 537 Peterson Place. He has a practice of about 750 current patients. He has treated approximately 5,000 more in the past. Three days ago he announced that he has AIDS. He was diagnosed with AIDS six days ago. He immediately closed his practice. He also wrote a letter to all his patients, mostly children, and their parents. His letter, which parents began to receive today, says, ‘I am very sorry for any anxiety this may cause to anyone.’ ‘I have always followed the CDC [Centers for Disease Control] guidelines regarding infection and sterilization procedures,’ he wrote. ‘I feel no patients could have been infected by me.’ The Department of Health has set up an emergency center at its downtown office where, starting today, his patients can be tested for the AIDS virus and counseled about their fears. In the department’s conversations with Dr. Leforge, who decided to immediately close his practice, he said he tried to be reassuring in his letter. I and the department agree that the risk is minimal. But the long odds don't lessen the fears of a parent. Since we’re dealing primarily with children, it’s more emotional. It’s going to be a traumatic time for them. The testing which will be done in Room 103 of the Patterson Health Center Building on State Street is free. The only thing any former patient of Dr. Lefforge will need is a form of identification. Dr. Leforge has already turned over the names of his patients to the Health Department.”

6.5 Ethics of Print Media

· What do you know about ethics of print media?

· Do different journalistic traditions have different ethics? What do you know about them? Give examples if possible.

Read the text “Ethics of Print Media” written by India Richardson, eHow Contributor [9] and define why ethics is so important for a journalist’s work.

Print media is most likely what you come in contact with on a daily basis. It’s how you get your information, and they include everything from newspapers and magazines to billboards and posters.

Journalism’s top priority is to ensure that information provided is truthful and accurate, that professional ethics is understood and practiced. This is achieved by making ethical decisions that apply to the media.

Function

Why is being ethical so important? Why does it even matter?

Many people who don’t quite grasp the function of ethics in print media may ask these questions. But the answer is simple.

Ethics in print media is used to establish credibility and to distinguish between what is “right” and what is “wrong,” whatever the case may be.

According to the book, Media Ethics: Issues and Cases, “ethics takes us out of the world of ‘This is the way I do it’ or ‘This is the way it’s always been done’ into the realm of ‘This is what I should do’ or ‘This is the action that can be rationally justified.”

Being ethical allows you to combine your values with your responsibilities to decide what to do in questionable situations. For example, a journalist who sees it as his responsibility to produce a true and factual story for the public will place a high value on getting the truth and will not sacrifice doing something illegal to get it.

Significance

Because being a credible source in the world of journalism is so important, so is ethics. At every college that has a journalism program you will find at least one course on ethics that is required for students to take early in their undergraduate programs. This shows a huge role ethics plays in the field of journalism.

Even the most well-known journalism organizations worldwide, such as the Society of Professional Journalists (SPJ), have their own ethical codes its members and others are encouraged to follow. SPJ’s Code of Ethics is accessible through its Web site.

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