Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian.

Transport in Ukraine

Discuss the questions below. Make up your own dialogues on the topic.

· What types of intercity transport do you know?

· What types of city transport do you know?

· What type of transport do you use in your everyday life?

· Is Ukrainian transport system developed enough?

· By which means of transport are different regions of Ukraine connected?

· Which true motorway standard highways in Ukraine do you know?

· What are the main sea ports in Ukraine?

Read and remember the following words and word combinations. Make up your own dialogue using these words.

1. reliant	уверенный, зависимый
2. facility	средство, возможность
3. neighboring country	соседняя страна
4. amount	количество
5. freight	фрахт, груз
6. comparison	сравнение
7. extend (v)	простираться, протягиваться
8. provision	предоставление, обеспечение
9. outdated	устарелый
10. paved roads	Мощёные дороги
11. cross-border routes	Международные маршруты
12. domestic	внутренний, домашний
13. carrier	перевозчик
14. fixed wing aircraft	самолет с неподвижным крылом
15. granting	предоставление
16. maritime	морской
17. riverine	речной
18. tributary	приток
19. embarkation and disembarkation of passengers	посадка и высадка пассажиров
20. loading and unloading of freight	pагрузка и выгрузка груза
21. ferry	паром

Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian.

Ukraine has a well-developed system of public transportation, and the country is much less reliant on private automobiles than the U.S. or Western Europe. Every large city and regional capital is connected to the railway network and receives passenger trains daily from other major cities. The train station is the main transportation hub of every Ukrainian city. From there minibuses, trolleybuses, and private taxis take passengers to other parts of the city.

Rail transport in Ukraine plays the role of connecting all major urban areas, port facilities and industrial centers with neighboring countries. The biggest concentration of railroad tracks is located in the Donbas region of Ukraine. Although the amount of freight transported by rail dropped in 1990’s, Ukraine is still one of the world’s biggest rail users. The total amount of the rail road tracks in Ukraine extends for 22,473 kilometers, of which 9,250 kilometers are electrified. Currently, the state has a monopoly on the provision of passenger rail transport, and all trains, other than those with cooperation of other foreign companies on international routes, are operated by its company ‘Ukrzaliznytsia’.

Most of the Ukrainian road system has not been upgraded since the Soviet era, and is now outdated. In total, Ukrainian paved roads stretch for 164,732 kilometers. The network of major routes, marked with the letter ‘M’ for ‘International’, extends nationwide and connects all the major cities of Ukraine as well as providing cross-border routes to the country’s neighbors. Currently there are only two true motorway standard highways in Ukraine: a 175 km stretch of motorway from Kharkiv to Dnipropetrovs’k, and a section of the M03 highway which extends for 18 km from Kiev to Boryspil, where the city’s international airport is located.

Most Ukrainian regional capitals also have an airport on the edge of the town for domestic and international flights. New airports have already been opened in Kharkiv, Donets’k, Lviv and Kyiv’s Boryspil International Airport has recently begun operations at Terminals F and D. Ukraine has a number of airlines, the largest of which are the nation’s flag carriers, Aerosvit and UIA. Antonov Airlines, a subsidiary of the Antonov Aerospace Design Bureau is the only operator of the world’s largest fixed wing aircraft, the An-225.

The aviation section in Ukraine is developing very quickly, having recently established a visa-free program for EU citizens and a number of other nations. Additionally, the granting of the Euro 2012 football tournament to Poland and Ukraine as joint hosts has prompted the government to invest huge amounts of money into transport infrastructure, and in particular airports.

Maritime transport is mainly riverine, with passenger services mainly provided on the Dnieper, Danube and Pripyat rivers, as well as a number of their tributaries. Most large cities have a river port and cater for the embarkation and disembarkation of passengers as well as the loading and unloading of freight and raw materials. International maritime travel is mainly provided through the Port of Odessa, from where ferries sail regularly to Istanbul, Varna and Haifa. The largest ferry company presently operating these routes is Ukrferry.

Every Ukrainian town and city has a complex network of public transportation dominated by minibuses, followed by trolleybuses, street trams, buses, and subway systems (only in Kyiv, Kharkiv and Dnipropetrovs’k). The other main transportation hub of any Ukrainian town is the intercity bus station. Often, but not always, the bus station is located next to the train station. The largest cities generally have several bus stations located at different ends of town. Intercity buses leave from the station that is in the direction of their destination.

In addition to public transportation, taxis are available everywhere.

Дата добавления: 2015-11-16