The Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Прошедшее совершенное длительное время

Употребляется для выражения длительного прошедшего действия, которое началось ранее другого прошедшего действия и продолжалось до этого момента. Период времени, в течение которого происходило это действие, может обозначаться с помощью различных обстоятельств времени типа for three hours – в течение трех часов, for two years – в течение двух лет, all his life – всю его жизнь, all day – весь день, for a long time – долго, since – с (какого-то момента).

Past Perfect Continuous также употребляется для выведения заключения, основанного на прямом или косвенном свидетельстве.

Her eyes were red. It was obvious she had been crying.

Ее глаза были красные. Было ясно, что она плакала.

Past Perfect Continuous, как и Past Continuous, употребляется только с глаголами, обозначающими действия. Подобные действия с глаголами, выражающими состояние, выражаются в Past Perfect.

Утвердительная форма	Вопросительная форма	Отрицательная форма
I			I		I
He			he		He	hadn’t (had not) been writing.
She	had been writing.		she	been writing?	She
It	Had	it	It
We		we	We
You			you		You
They			they		They

Examples:

It had been raining hard for two days before our arrival.

До нашего приезда два дня шел сильный дождь.

I had been working at school for a year before I entered the University.

Я год работал в школе, прежде чем поступил в университет.

I had been trying to find her for years but I failed.

Я годами пытался найти ее, но не смог.

I had been studying English for three years before I went abroad.

Я изучал английский в течение 3 лет, прежде чем поехал за границу.

Jack had been smoking for 10 years when he finally gave it up.

Джек курил в течение десяти лет, когда, в конце концов, бросил.

I had been writing the letter for an hour when he came.

Я писал письмо (уже) час, когда он пришел.

Past Perfect Continuous образуется с помощью вспомогательного глагола to be в Past Perfect и причастия настоящего времени (Present Participle) основного глагола.

Вопросительная форма Past Perfect Continuous образуется путем постановки первого вспомогательного глагола перед подлежащим, а остальной части временной формы – после подлежащего.

Отрицательная форма Past Perfect Continuous образуется при помощи частицы not, которая ставится после первого вспомогательного глагола.

Это время малоупотребительно.

EXERCISES

Exercise 1. Прочтите ситуацию и затем составьте предложение с Past Perfect Continuous.

Model. The two boys came into the house. One had a black eye and the other had a cut lip. (the / fight)

They had been fighting.

1. Jim was watching television. He was feeling very tired. (he / study / hard all day). He....

2. When I walked into the room, it was empty. But there was a smell of cigarettes. (somebody / smoke / in the room). Somebody....

3. When Jane came back from the beach, she looked very red from the sun. (she / lie / in the sun too long). She....

4. The two boys came into the house. They had a football and they were both very tired. (they / play / football for two hours). They ….

5. Ann woke up in the middle of the night. She was frightened and she didn't know where she was. (she / dream). She....

Exercise 2. Прочтите ситуацию и затем составьте предложение с Past Perfect Continuous.

Model. We began playing football. After half an hour there was a terrible storm.

We had been playing for half an hour when there was a terrible storm.

1. I had arranged to meet George in a restaurant. I arrived and began waiting. After 20 minutes I realised that I had come to the wrong restaurant.

I... when I....

2. Mr. and Mrs. Brown went to live in the South of England. Six months later Mr. Brown died.

They... when....

3. Maggie worked in the garden all afternoon. Then she took a hot bath.

Maggie... because....

4. I lost my watch. We had looked for it for hours. I was very pleased when my son found it.

I was very pleased when my son found my watch because we... for it for hours.

Exercise 3. Раскройте скобки, употребив одно из прошедших времен (Past Perfect, Past Perfect Continuous или Past Continuous).

1. He already (park) the car when I arrived.

2. He (drive) all day, so he was very tired when he arrived.

3. What you (do) in the garden before I came?

4. I (finish) doing the flat by one o'clock.

5. He (live) in Germany before he came to Russia.

6. They already (write) a letter when the light went down.

7. The train (not, arrive) yet by that time.

8. The child (sleep) for an hour before we came from the theatre.

9. Charles was on his hands and knees on the floor. He (look) for his cigarette lighter.

10. We (walk) along the road for about 20 minutes when a car stopped and the driver offered us a lift.

11. When I arrived everyone was sitting round the table with their mouths full. They (eat).

12. When I arrived everyone was sitting round the table and talking. Their mouths were empty but their stomachs were full. They (eat).

13. When I arrived, Ann (wait) for me. She was rather annoyed with me because I was late and she... (wait) for a very long time.

14. Tom was leaning against the wall, out of breath. He (run).

15. I tried to catch Nick but I couldn't. He (run) very fast.

16. I (sit) on the bench for half an hour and then (begin) reading a book.

17. We (walk) in silence for 5 minutes, then he (speak).

18. We (walk) in silence for 5 minutes when he (speak).

19. We (cook) all day for the party that evening and by 8 o'clock we still weren't ready.

20. Jack (prepare) a beautiful meal for his guests and they all enjoyed it.

21. I knew she (do) the washing because the machine was still working when I got in.

22. I knew she (do) the washing because when I got in she was ready to go out.

23. By 10 o'clock the children (do) their homework and were ready to go to bed.

24. The children (do) their homework and by 10 o'clock they still hadn't finished.

25. Nick went for a walk. In the forest he saw some rare birds. When he got home he wrote a letter to the local newspaper about them.

Nick wrote to the local newspaper about some rare birds which he....

26. Patrick went to the disco. He came home very late. His mother was worried and she told him off when he got in.

Patrick’s mother told him off when he came home late because she... about him all evening.

27. Charles tried to mend a broken window. He cut his hand. He went to hospital.

Charles went to hospital because he... his hand.

Exercise 4. Употребите глаголы в скобках в Present Perfect Continuous или Past Perfect Continuous.

Model. I was tired. I... all day. (dig)

I had been digging all day.

Я копал весь день.

1. We... for your call all evening (wait).

2. How long... there? (you wait)

3. I... there since 6 o'clock (stand).

4. She... English for five years before she visited Canada (study).

5. It started raining last Monday and it... ever since (rain).

6. I... to the firm regularly for a month before, but they didn't answer (write).

7. I knew you.... – How did you know? – Your hair was covered with paint. (paint)

8. You were out of breath when you came in this morning...? (you run)

Exercise 5. Из предложенных слов составьте специальные вопросы (Why..?) и дайте ответы-объяснения.

Model. Wick, to feel tired, to come home, to play football, for 3 hours.

Why did Kick feel tired when he came home? – He felt tired because he had been playing football for three hours.

Почему Ник чувствовал себя усталым, когда пришел домой? – Он чувствовал себя усталым, потому что 3 часа играл в футбол.

1. Allan, to look nervous, to look for his ticket at his office, for an hour, could not, to find it.

2. Mary, to look happy, to listen to her friends' compliments about her singing, for an hour.

3. Martin, to look sleepy, his wife to come home, to sleep for five hours.

4. Jack, to feel happy, to think about buying a car, for ten years, at last, his dream to come true.

5. Jane, to look lonely, to lie in bed, for a week, nobody, to come to see her.

Exercise 6. Из предложенных слов составьте специальные вопросы (How long..?)

Model: Peter, to travel, to return home from Australia.

How long had Peter been travelling before he returned home from Australia? – He had been travelling for three years.

Сколько лет путешествовал Питер, прежде чем вернулся домой из Австралии? – Он путешествовал 3 года.

1. P. Tchaikovsky, to compose music for "The Sleeping Beauty", it, to be staged, for less than a year.

2. S. Morse, to work out his idea of a telegraph, his dream to come true, in 1844, for twelve years.

3. T. Edison, to work every day, fourteen-sixteen hours, before his famous invention. (how many?)

4. P. Tretyakov, to collect paintings, for forty-two years.

Exercise 7. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глагол в Past Perfect, Past Indefinite или past Perfect Continuous. Если возможно, дайте несколько вариантов.

Cooking the Books?

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¹⁴

¹³

¹²

¹¹

¹⁰

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³

²

¹

Old Mr. Williams was very concerned. He and his wife were pensioners and he (spend)... the whole morning looking for their pension books. He (look)... everywhere, but he (not be able) … to find them. Meanwhile, his wife (be)... busy. She (cook)... all morning. She (prepare)... a delicious meal. She (make) … soup, followed by a lovely pie, which she (bake) … in the oven. Mr. Williams (always enjoy)...his food, but he clearly wasn't enjoying his lunch. "What's the matter, Tom?" his wife asked. Mr. Williams (have to) … confess that he (lose) … their pension books. "I know," Mrs. Williams (sау) …, with a twinkle in her eye. "I've got them." "You've got them?" "Yes – and guess where I (find) … them!" Mr. Williams suddenly remembered. "In the oven! I (put) … them there for safe-keeping." He (smile)... with relief as she (fish)... them out of her apron pocket!

Exercise 8. Переведите предложения на английский язык, употребляя, где возможно, Past Perfect Continuous.

1. Вечером я нашел книгу, которую искал весь день.

2. Некоторое время мы работали в молчании, прежде чем заговорил Ник.

3. Когда я пришел, они уже обсуждали этот вопрос более часа.

4. Мы шли около двух часов, когда, наконец, мы увидели озеро.

5. Когда я вошел в аудиторию, студенты нашей группы писали контрольную работу. Они писали ее уже полчаса.

6. Я читал эту книгу уже в течение трех часов, когда он пришел.

7. Дождь шел уже несколько часов, когда я вышел на улицу.

8. Они учили новые слова уже несколько часов, когда я пришел к ним.

9. Когда мы приехали на вокзал, они ждали нас уже 10 минут.

10. Мы обсуждали наши планы на лето в течение часа, когда он пришел.

11. Когда я увидел его, его одежда была грязной, так как он с утра работал в саду.

12. Катя была в плохом настроении, потому что ее сосед играл на пианино всю ночь, и она не могла уснуть.

13. Анна была расстроена, потому что готовила ужин в течение 3 часов, но никто не пришел на ее день рождения.

14. Школьники были очень огорчены, поскольку весь день шел сильный снег, и они не могли играть в хоккей.

15. Он чувствовал себя усталым, так как делал домашнее задание уже в течение нескольких часов.

16. Она была больна уже несколько дней и плохо выглядела.

17. Питер выглядел усталым, так как он уже два месяца работал без выходного дня.

18. М.Ю. Лермонтов жил в Петербурге в течение четырех лет, прежде чем уехал на Кавказ.

19. Когда я вошел, он работал, и явно работал уже долго, потому что выглядел уставшим.

20. Он знал, что она работала над статьей весь месяц.

21. Когда она пришла домой, ее сын уже приготовил уроки и уже два часа смотрел телевизор.

22. Она читала эту книгу уже два часа, когда он пришел.

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