Ivan Aivazovsky (181-1900)

The ancient Russian art

There are over 5000 icons of various schools on display covered a period from the 10 century to the late 17 century. The art of paintings flourished in Russia since the countries Christianization in 988. But many religious images was destroyed the Mongols during tatar yoke (1237-1241) frescos, painted on wood, mosaics.

Icon is a painted image of Christ, God Mother and Saints.

1) The oldest icon in the collection of the Russian Museum is «The Icon of Archangel Gabriel» («The Angel with golden hairs») – «Архангел Гавриил» или «Ангел Златые Власы»-12 century. It belongs to the school of Kiev (столица Древней Руси). Big eyes, straight long nose, small lips.

2) The Virgin of Tenderness 13 century, it’s very typical icon. From the Nothern part of Russia. This image is a symbol of grief (грусть).

3) The St. Boris and St. Gleb Icon (Moscow, middle of 14 century). They were Russian saints.

4) Novgorod is represented by Saint George slaying the dragon (14 century)

The majority of Russian painters are unknown. Only a few names come down to us. Among them Dionysius, Andrey Rublev (1370-1430) – Saint Paul the Apostle, Saint Peter the Apostle.

The end of the 17 century and the start of the 18 century was the time of greatest changes in Russia life and culture. A new system of values and thinking appeared against general religious ideology and Architects, sculptors, painters from Germany, Holland, France, Italy were invited by Peter the First. The portrait genre became the dominate Russian art from Peter’s time. Peter the Great assisted the development of Russian artists. The best artists were send to Europe. Among them was Ivan Nikitin. He was sent to Italy, he and his brother studied there in school of Arts.

The middle of 18 century

Russian stylelifes, landscapes, views of the city: Ivan Vishnyakov, Aleksey Antropov

In 1757 The Academy of Fine Arts was founded in S-Pt. It was very important event in culture of Russia. There promising young people received artistic and general education. The Academy established general artistic principals for content form and purpose (in general was biblical, historic and patriotic teams).

Three names are connected with the portraits paintings of the end 18 century:

1) Fedor Rokotov – intimated portraits (в Русском музее более 40 работ)

2) Dmitry Levicky – official portraits (portrait of Catherine the Great)

3) Borovikovsky he represented lyrical and romantic mood (в Русском музее более 30 работ)

Century

Karl Brullov (1799-1852) was one of the greatest masters of 19 century as one of the best students of Academy of fine Arts he was sent in Italy. There Brullov began paint «The last Day of Pompey». Brullov spent more 5 years working, also he made many sketchers for the painting. The main feature of painting is the reactions and emotions of inhabitants. At first painting was success in Milan, then in Paris and the in St.-Petersburg. Also he painted portraits (Юля Самойлова), self-portraits, genre scenes of Italy.

Ivan Aivazovsky (181-1900)

The marine painter. He represented Black sea in sunlight, moonlight, windy weather etc. The best paintings are «The wave», «Тhe 9^th wave».

Fedor Brunni «The bronze serpant». He painted biblical and historical subjects.

Дата добавления: 2015-11-16