Language incorporates the three constituent parts

These parts are the phonological system,

the lexical system,

the grammatical system.

Only the unity of these three elements forms a language; without any one of them there is no human language in the above sense.

The phonological system determines the material (phonetical) appearance of its significative units.

The lexical system is the whole set of naming means of language,

The grammatical system is the whole set of regularities determining the combination of naming means in the formation of utterances

Each of the three constituent parts of language is studied by a particular linguistic discipline. These disciplines, presenting a series of approaches to their particular objects of analysis, give the corresponding "descriptions" of language

the phonological description of language is effected by the science of phonology;

the lexical description of language is effected by the science of lexicology;

the grammatical description of language is effected by the science of grammar.

the aim of theoretical grammar of a language is to present a theoretical description of its grammatical system

to scientifically analyse and define its grammatical categories and study the mechanisms of grammatical formation of utterances out of words in the process of speech making.

Language in the narrow sense of the word is a system of means of expression, while speech in the same narrow sense should be understood as the manifestation of the system of language in the process of intercourse.

The system of language includes the body of material units — sounds, morphemes, words, word-groups; the regularities or "rules" of the use of these units.

Language and speech are inseparable, they form together an organic unity.

In broad philosophical concept of language is analysed two different aspects — the system of signs and the use of signs

The generalising term "language" is also preserved in linguistics, showing the unity of these two aspects

traditional view of the purpose of grammar has lately been re-stated by some modern trends in linguistics.

In particular, scholars belonging to these trends pay much attention to artificially constructing and analysing incorrect utterances with the aim of a better formulation of the rules for" the construction of correct ones.

To understand the contradictions between the bluntly formulated "rules" and reality, as well as to evaluate properly

we must bear in mind that the true grammatical rules or regularities cannot be separated from the expression of meanings; on the contrary, they are themselves meaningful.

Namely, they are connected with the most general and abstract parts of content inherent in the elements of language. These parts of content, together with the formal means through which they are expressed, are treated by grammarians in terms of "grammatical categories".

Since the grammatical forms and regularities are meaningful, it becomes clear that the rules of grammar must be stated semantically

For example, it would be fallacious to state without any further comment that the inverted word order in the English declarative sentence is grammatically incorrect.

Word order as an element of grammatical form can express, in particular, the difference between the central idea of the utterance and the marginal idea, between emotive and unemotive modes of speech, between different types of style.

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