Sentences for dictation

Lesson 3

Spelling: The Third Type of Syllable

A syllable of this type consists of a vowel followed by r. It represents • a long vowel sound.

The letter a in syllables of this type is pronounced [a:]: e. g. tar, bar, target, farther, large, park.

Remember some other ways of representing this sound in the words: clerk, heart, hearth, and also: laugh, laughter, draught, aunt.

The letter о is pronounced [o:]: nor, sword, forth, corn, torn, lord, cord, born.

Remember the words where this sound is represented by the following combinations of letters:

(a) oar: oar, board, roar, boar, coarse, hoarse;

(b) au: pause, laundry, cause, saucer, applause, applaud, sauce,
August, fault, haunt;

(c) aw: law, draw, shawl, awful, withdraw, paw, saw, straw, dawn,
lawyer, lawn, thaw, raw, awkward, trawler;

(d) augh and ough (before t): oughtjought, caught, haughty, thought,
sought, taught, naughty, brought;

(e) our: course, court, your, source, four, pour.

The letters e, i,u + r are pronounced as [э:]:

(a) er: term, berth, perfect, mercy, German, prefer, emerge, serf,
nerve, refer, insert, serve, concern, serpent, certain.

Note that in some words the sound [э:] is represented as ear: earth, early, earn, earl, heard, pearl, learn, search;

(b) ir: fir,first, birth, affirm, girl,firm, bird, stir, skirt, birch, thirsty,
third, shirt, confirm, sir, dirty;

(c) ur: fur, curve, furnish, curse, burn, spur, furniture, surgeon, purse,
turn, return, surface, sturgeon, curtain, occur, curl, surname, surf,
hurt, disturb, burst, turnip, urgent.

Exercise I. Supply the missing letter (or letters) for the [з:] sound. Group them according to the way the [з:] sound is represented. Translate the words into Russian.

t — rm, f— r (2), b — rth (2), st — r,----- rly, G — rman, sh — rt,

s — rname, ret — rn, b — rch, ins — rt, d — rty, s — rpent, s — rface,

f — rm, n — rve, th — rsty, с — rtain, t — rn, p — rse, m — rcy, rn,

sp — r, sk—rt, s — rmon, s--- rch, с—rtain, p------ rl, с—rse, b — rn,

em — rge, — rgent, h — rt, m — rth, b — rst.

Exercise 2. Copy the sentences, choosing a suitable word from the list at the end of the exercise to fill in the blanks. Translate into Russian.

1. The... is considered the centre of family life. 2- It's not my... that you don't know anything. 3. They say this old house is.... 4. What is the... of your information? 5. In the... of the year the boy grew taller and stronger. 6. The meeting was at nine o'clock, which was an... time for many people. 7. You'll catch cold if you sit in a.... 8. The nobles used to treat the common people with... contempt. 9. Your daughter is at a... -school, I hear. 10. He stretched his cold hands to the fire which was... in the.... 11. Carelessness is often the... of fires. 12. The... must take its course;... cannot save you from punishment. 13. The wrong­doer is constantly... with fear of being caught.

hearth, burning, fault, cause, source, law, haunted, lawyers, haughty, draught, boarding, awkward, board, course.

SENTENCES FOR DICTATION

1. Don't laugh at the boy, you will hurt his feelings. 2. A draught through the cracks in the window-frame stirred his night-shirt. 3. He stood on the hearth-rug, his hands folded behind his back. 4. The boy caught at the oar and his friends pulled him into the boat. 5. Why are you speaking in such a hoarse voice? — I caught cold yesterday at the skating-rink. 6. People take their clothes to the laundry to have them washed. 7. His appearance on the stage called forth a storm of applause. 8. I'm sure it is not my fault that we are late. 9. Will you draw the curtains, please? 10. It usually begins to thaw at the end of March. 11. He spends all his time in his little garden, from dawn till dusk. 12. This is really an awkward situation. 13. I'm awfully sorry but I can't find your shawl anywhere.

A Text for Reproduction

Miss Robinson had been taking driving lessons and trying to pass her driving test for several years, but she had failed every time because she always became too excited and did silly things when she was driving a car. Now she was taking her test again, but she made so many mistakes that she was sure that she had no chance of passing, so she was very surprised when the examiner nodded at the end of her test and said, "All right, Miss Robinson, I'm going to pass you."

The next morning, she went out in her car alone for the first time. Her face was red, her hands were sweating and she was hardly able to believe that it was no longer necessary for her to have a good driver with her in the car whenever she went out in it.

She came to the first traffic lights and was very glad when she managed to stop the car quite smoothly and at the right place in the street. She did not want to look foolish in front of other drivers in the street.

While she was waiting for the lights to change from red to green, an old lady came to the window of her car, and when Miss Robinson opened the window and looked out, the old lady asked whether she was going into the town.

"Yes," Miss Robinson answered, "I am. I am going to the Public Library."

"Will you please take me as far as the market-place?" the old lady asked. "I have an appointment at the hospital, and there isn't a bus for another hour."

Miss Robinson had still not really understood that at last she had passed her test, and now she surprised the old lady very much by answering, "I'm very sorry, but I can't drive."

(from Intermediate Comprehension Pieces by L. A. Hill)

Exercise 1. Answer the following questions:

1. Why did Miss Robinson think that she would fail her test again? 2. What had Miss Robinson had to do before she passed her test which she did not have to do after she passed it? 3. Why did the old lady speak to Miss Robinson? 4. Why was the old lady surprised when Miss Robinson said she could not drive? 5. Why did Miss Robinson say that she couldn't drive?

Exercise 2. (a) Reproduce the story, including a detailed answer to questions 4 and 5. (b) Compose a story for the old lady to tell her friends in the evening after the incident. Begin it in the following way:

"I had a very strange experience this afternoon. I was going to town and wanted a lift because..." Let the old lady also explain why she went up to Miss Robinson's car, how the girl at the wheel looked, and what she thought of her behaviour.

Lesson 4

Spelling: The Fourth Type of Syllable

A syllable of this type ends in r followed by e or some other vowel. The letter a is pronounced [еэ]: stare, dare, fare, bare, declare, rare, spare, square, mare, prepare, compare, hare, ware, aware.

Remember the words where this sound is rendered by the following combinations of letters:

(a) air: air, chair, stair, affair, despair, fair, hair, repair, dairy,pair,

(b) ear: bear, tear, wear, pear.

The letter e in this type of syllable renders the diphthong [is]: here, mere, sphere, sincere, severe, atmosphere.

Remember the words where this diphthong is represented by the letters:

(a) eer: deer, queer, sheer, beer, steer, cheer, peer, pioneer, sneer,
career;

(b) ear: hear,year, dear, appear,fear, rear, near, clear, beard, spear,
weary;

(c) ier: pierce, pier, fierce.

The letters i, у render the triphthong [аю]: fire, wire, tired, require, admire, desire, inspire, hire, expire, tyre.

The same sound may be represented by the letter combination iar. briar, diary, liar.

The letter и renders the triphthong [jua]: cure, pure, secure, endure, obscure, fury, furious, curious, during, procure.

Exercise 1. Make sure you know the meaning of the words illustrating the rale. Learn them.

Exercise 2. Supply the missing letters and translate the words into Russian:

с — re, aff----- r, p — re, h — re, f—ry, sh------ r, h — re,

sw------ г, с — re, requ — re, w — re, qu---- r, f------- rce, w------- r,

d — re, h----- r, f—rious, nightm — re, p------ r, d------- ry, sp------ r,

p------ r, squ —re, p------- r, st------- r, rep------- r, d------- ry, r------ r,

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