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۩ use يستخدم ۩ use up يستهلك / يستنفد ۩ used مستعمل
· Can I use your phone?.
· We used up all the sugar. We need to buy some. · He bought a used car.
۩ leave يُغادر (مكان) ۩ leave for يُغادر متجها إلي / يذهب إلي
· He left the house by the back door.
· He left for London yesterday.
۩ arrive (I) يصل · Your letter arrived yesterday. · She was the last to arrive.
۩ arrive in (Cairo, London, Italy) يصل إلي مدينة كبيرة / عاصمة / دولة
· We arrived in New York at 6 p.m.
۩ arrive at (school / the station/ the airport…)
· We arrived at school early.
۩ reach (T) + مفعول · We reached New York at 6 p.m. لا يستخدم معها حرف جر
۩ reach a decision يصل لقرار / a conclusion يتوصل لنتيجة
· They were unable to reach a decision.
¨ ملاحظات عامة علي الأسماء:
¨ يُجمع الاسم عادة بإضافة حرف s إلي نهاية الكلمة:
● room rooms cat cats book books
¨ إذا انتهي الاسم بأحد الحروف الآتية o/ss/sh / ch / x / z:
● tomato tomatoes watch watches boss bosses
¨ ولكن لاحظ:
Piano pianos photo photos
¨ الاسم المنتهي بحرف y يسبقه حرف ساكن نحذف حرف y ونضيف ies أما إذا سبقها حرف متحرك ، نضيف s فقط:
● baby babies lady ladies boy boys
¨ الاسم المنتهي بـ f / fe تحذف ونضيف ves ما عدا cliff / handkerchief حيث تُجمعا بإضافة s
● wife wives shelf shelves thief thieves
¨ هناك أسماء لها مؤنث ومذكر مثل:
● waiter waitress actor actress poet poetess
¨ لاحظ الجمع الشاذ للأسماء الآتية:
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | plural |
| Oasis واحة | Oases | Crisis أزمة | Crises | Phenomena ظاهرة | Phenomenon |
| Basis أساس | Bases | Child | Children | Man | Men |
| Woman | Women | Foot | Feet | Tooth | Teeth |
| Mouse | Mice | Goose | Geese | Person | people |
Exercises on vocabulary and language notes:
Choose the correct answer:
1- Nothing can live (with – of – without – about) energy.
2- The sun's energy will (lost – least – last – lease) for another five billion years.
3- It is (silly – ridiculous – important – inessential) for us to save energy in our homes and workplaces.
4- (Hydroelectric – Solar – Wind – Lunar) power supplies Egypt with a lot of its electricity.
5- Most of the energy we use today comes from (fission – split – fossil – electric) fuels like coal, oil and gas.
6- Coal, oil and gas are (durable – renewable – arable – non renewable) forms of energy.
7- Coal, oil and gas have been (formed – framed – famed – fried) underground over millions of years.
8- As well as (is – are – be – being) inexpensive, hydroelectric power does not pollute the environment.
9- Nuclear power is produced when atoms (spit – spelt – split – spilt).
10- Accidents at nuclear power stations are extremely (safe – dangerous – useful – pleasant).
11- We should all try to stop using (on – for – to – up) non-renewable sources of energy.
12- For centuries, the wind has been used to (sell – sail – steal – stay) ships.
13- Machines need energy to (work – spend – spoil – strike).
14- Non-renewable forms of energy can only be used (twice – three times – once – forever).
15- It takes (more – the same – less – too much) energy to reuse materials than to make new ones.
16- Wind (turbines – machines – devices – instruments) can generate electricity.
17- We get energy from the (cold – heat – ice – water) inside the earth.
18- Below the earth, the pressure is so great that rocks are (frozen – solid – molten – cold).
19- (Geothermal – Geographical – Biographical – Geological) energy is better for the environment than energy produced by traditional power stations.
20- We need to increase our use of renewable forms of energy because we are running (into – away – out of – down) fossil fuels.
21- Energy from the sun will last (on – with – for – up) billions of years.
22- Burying (waste – taste – waist – post) in the ground can damage the environment.
23- Modern wind (headlines – deadlines – landmines – turbines) are tall towers which are built where there is a lot of wind.
24- Many countries are now using more (renewable - non renewable – avoidable – believable) forms of energy from the sun and wind.
25- Fossil fuels like oil and gas are found (between – next to – under – above) the ground.
26- Power stations (destroy – damage – generate – bury) electricity.
27- We can all do very simple things to (waste – pollute – send – save) energy.
28- We need to (produce – introduce – deduce – reduce) our use of non-renewable fuels and use more renewable forms.
29- I'd like to extend my stay in Britain for (others – the others – another – each other) two months.
30- I don't like this shirt. Can you give me (another – other – others – the others) one?
31- (How – What – How much – How many) length is the River Nile?
32- I don't expect (private – ordinary – usual – special) treatment - I just want to be treated fairly.
33- A (liquid – solid – gas – rock) is a substance such as water.
34- A power (location – destination – station – combination) is a building where electricity is made.
35- To (ripe – bribe – dive – pipe) is to send a liquid or gas through a pipe to another place.
36- Hydroelectric means using (oil – the sun – the wind – water) to produce electricity.
37- Wind turbines have parts which are (stopped – turned – switched – twisted) by the wind.
38- Fossil fuels have taken millions of years (forming – formed – to form – form).
39- The gas is stored under (pleasure – treasure – measure – pressure).
40- Electricity (graduation – generation – communication – cooperation) from wind and wave power is safe.
Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly:
1- Hydroelectric power does not pollinate the environment.
2- We should make greater use of the sun as a frame of energy in the future.
3- If you need another information, please call me.
4- Fossil fuels are founded under the ground.
5- Scientists are looking for other series of energy.
6- Geophysical energy is the energy we get from the heat inside the earth.
7- Doctors are under increasing pleasure to work longer hours.
8- We used for all the bread. Could you buy some when you go out?
9- A lot of countries depend of nuclear power.
10- I have a bath every another day.
11- He arrived school at 7.30.
12- It isn't matter what you do, as long as you don't harm others.
13- Don't use off all the milk, we need some for
14- Some people are more cooperative than another.
15- How much is it from here to Cairo? – About 400 km.
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