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Hyponymy – the relationship between a specific word and a general word when the former is included within the latter.
That relationship is illustrated by the common formula "An A is a kind of B." For example, "A dog is a kind of animal," or simply "A dog is an animal." The specific word, "dog," which is included within, or under, the general word, is known as a hyponym (Greek "under" + "name"). The general word, "animal," which heads a list of many specific words under it, is a hypernym (Greek "above" + "name"). In this case, those other specific words, or hyponyms, could include, besides "dog," a vast number of other animal names, such as "bird," "horse," and "monkey." Those specific words under the same hypernym are related to each other as cohyponyms.
Examples
People
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child adult
 |  |  |  | ||||
boy girl
man woman
Bibliography
1. Arnold I.V. The English Word М: Высшая школа, 1973
2. Apresjan. Regular polysemy.
3. Snow, Rion; Daniel Jurafsky; Andrew Y. Ng (2004). "Learning syntactic patterns for automatic hypernym discovery"
Dictionaries
1. Longman Dictionary
2. Oxford Dictionary
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| The Functional Style | | | II. Types of meaning. |