Barriers, defects, emission, diodes and noise

Задание I. Следующие слова Вам нужно выучить наизусть. Это поможет Вам лучше и быстрее понять текст.

1. Parlance – язык, манера говорить;

2. addition – добавление, сложение

3. to span – тренировать, охватывать;

4. avoid – избегать, сторониться, уклоняться;

5. accolade – знак почтения, восторженная похвала;

6. achievement – достижение;

7. divide – делить, подразделять;

8. ribbon microphone – ленточный микрофон;

9. date from – относиться, вести исчисление;

10. independently – независимо;

11. last – длиться;

12. rectifier – выпрямитель;

13. circuitry – схема;

14. design – конструировать;

15. result from – проистекать;

16. neglect – пренебрегать;

17. space charge – заряд;

18. hole – дырка;

19. conceive – почувствовать;

20. dispose – располагать, склонять.

Задание II. Прочитайте текст, найдите в нем следующую информацию и расскажите о ней преподавателю по-английски.

1. Известно ли в мире имя Шотки ученым, которые занимаются радиотехникой, электроникой. Какие факты доказывают это?

2. Расскажите биографию В. Шотки (где, когда родился, жил, работал, об его родителях).

3. Какой вклад внес Вальтер Шоттки в развитие радио и электроники.

Задание III. Будьте готовы перевести любые предложения в тексте, если преподаватель попросит вас об этом.

TEXT

In the parlance of electronics engineers, "Schottky" has passed from being a man's name into being a technical term in very wide use. That is not a unique honour but it is perhaps an accolade which stands above medals, awards and citations from learned societies, prestigious as such things are. Walter Schottky's name is associated with thermionic emission, noise, defects in semiconductors and the Schottky diode. It is perhaps best known now in the context of Schottky TTL (Transistor-Transistor Logic), so named because of the modification of standard TTL by the addition of a metal-semiconductor or Schottky diode.

Schottky's career spanned the ages of both thermionic valve electronics and solid-state electronics, and he made major contributions to both. He worked in both industrial and university research laboratories, and was known as a modest and selfless character who avoided the centre stage.

He was born on July 23, 1886 in Zurich, Switzerland, but he spent his life in Germany. He died on March 4, 1976 in his 90th year, at Pretzfeld (near Erlangen), the town to which he had retired in 1958. His death came just two years after his old employer, Sie­mens, had begun commercial manufacture of Schottky diodes for microwave use.

Schottky's father, Friedrich, was a university mathematician. As a result of his career move from Marburg to Berlin, Schottky attended schools in both places and entered the Humboldt University in Berlin in 1904, where he studied physics. In 1912, he was awarded a doctorate in Berlin for his thesis on the Special Theory of Relativity which Einstein had announced only seven years earlier. Schottky's tutor was Max Planck, the originator of the Quantum Theory and a man at the heart of much of modern physics. Schottky could hardly have wished for a better start to a career as a physicist. After receiving his Ph.D., Schottky went to Jena, some 45 miles south-west of Leipzig, where he worked under Max Wien. It was here that he turned away from relativity theory and turned to what was to become his life's work - the interaction of electrons and ions in vacuum and solid bodies. To put it another way: electron physics.

For the next 15 years his career pattern was to be one of movement between university and industrial research. Finally he settled for industrial research with Siemens AG.

The pattern began with a couple of years with Max Wien at Jena, after which he joined the Siemens industrial research laboratories in Berlin, staying there until 1919. In 1920 he returned to university life, this time under Wilhelm Wien at Wurzburg. It was there that he qualified as a university lecturer. W. Wien is chiefly remembered for his work on black-body radiation, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1911. After three years with Wien, Schottky advanced his academic career, becoming Professor of Theore­tical Physics at Rostock. He was then in his late thirties. Finally in 1927, at the age of 40 or 41, he moved for the last time, back into industrial research, rejoining Siemens AG. There he stayed until his retirement.

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