Answer the questions

1. Psychology, the science of mind and behavior, emerged in the nineteenth century.

Psychology is one of the most rapidly developing social sciences, touching almost every aspect of our lives.

2. Psychology has as its principal focus the individual human being, with special emphasis on the inner life, the personality, the patterns of thought, consciousness and behaviour of the person.

3. The main task of psychology is materialistic investigation of the highest forms of human psychic (mental) activity, of their evolution in the process of socio-historical development, and of the fundamental laws of their operation.

4. Psychologists are concerned with a wide variety of problems. (What child-rearing methods produce happy and effective adults; how can mental illnesses be prevented, and the like; how can people be persuaded to give up smoking; what is the most effective method for teaching children to read; what area of the brain controls speech).

5. Behaviourists focuses on the observable behaviours of man; that is, those factors that influence him in his environment and his reactions to these forces.

6. Approach to the study of man is psychoanalysis, founded by Sigmund Freud.

7. Freud concluded that personality and our degrees of mental health depend on the actions of three major forces; the id – our the unconscious instincts, the ego – our conscious self or intellect – and superego, the conditional reflexes of social rules and internalized values.

12. Humanists believe that man is born basically good, and that conscious forces are more important that unconscious forces.

14. All parts of the nervous system are interrelated.

15. The central nervous system includes all the nerves in the brain and spinal cord, and it contains the majority of the body`s neurons.

16. The peripheral nervous system consists of the nerves leading from the brain and spinal cord to the other parts of the body.

17. The nerves of the somatic system transmit information about external stimulation from the skin, muscles, and joints to the central nervous system; they make us aware of pain, pressure, and temperature variations.

18. The nerves of the autonomic system run to and from the internal organs regulating such processes as respiration, heart rate, and digestion.

19. The sympathetic division tends to act as a unit. Unlike the sympathetic system, the parasympathetic division tends to affect one organ at a time.

20. All areas of the human brain are not equipotential.

21. In addition many functions are duplicated in more than one brain area. Thus, if one part of the brain is damaged by concussion or stroke, other areas can often take over its functions.

22. Tumors or injuries damage certain parts of the brain may give clues about functions controlled by the area.

23. In experiments with animals it is possible to remove systematically parts of the brain (or destroy the tissue electrically) and observe the kinds of defects that result.

24. Studies with permanently implanted electrodes in animals help determine where sensory effects occur and where various types of muscular activity are controlled.

25. The record of these total brain discharges, known as an electroencephalogram (EEG), plays its part in the study of central nervous system activity.

27. The purpose of thought is to prepare us for action, to prepare something for us to feel about.

29. We trust our feeling because we cannot see how they can be wrong. Feelings are, indeed, always right – but within the universe created by our perception at the time.

Дата добавления: 2015-11-16