Text 9. Mykola Dobrokhotov

Mykola Mykolaiovych Dobrokhotov (1889 –1963) was a Soviet scientist and metallurgist, Honored Worker of Science and Technology of the Ukrainian SSR, Academician of the Ukrainian SSR Academy of Sciences.

In December 1944 Mykola Dobrokhotov moved to Kyiv, worked as head of steel-smelting department of Ferrous Metallurgy Institute of the Ukrainian SSR Academy of Sciences and the head of the Department of steel metallurgy and industrial furnaces of Kyiv Polytechnic Institute.

In 1931-1935 he developed a new theory of metal heating and experimentally proved that the steel can be heated very quickly, ensuring high performance of furnaces with a perfect metal quality and its low waste. He also suggested a method of calculating the thermal and structural stresses arising during heating of steel products, that was the basis for the development of heating conditions, radically improved the process. Mykola Dobrokhotov has proved theoretically and in practice the possibility and desirability of a sharp acceleration in the heating of steel products without deterioration, that completely changed the prevailing views on the permissible rate of their heating.

More than 35 years Mykola Dobrokhotov designed the heating furnaces and their equipment. According to his projects heating furnaces in rolling mills of Nyzhneserginski and Nyzhnii Tagil metallurgical plants were built in 1929-1930.

M. Dobrokhotov proposed to increase the capacity of open-hearth furnaces to increase their productivity and reduce fuel consumption in steel smelting and later formulated the basic theses of the theory of intensification of heat work of open-hearth furnaces. With the use of the provisions made by him in the mid 30s 90-ton open-hearth furnaces of Nyzhnedniprovsk metallurgical plant in the name of Comintern were upgraded. Increased heat output of the furnaces made it possible to dramatically raise their productivity and exceed all previously known records of high-speed steelification. Later the design of open-hearth furnaces of many metallurgical plants was considerably improved.

The technology and technique of using natural gas in open-hearth production of the Soviet Union were created mainly through the works of M. Dobrokhotov. Before him, the natural gas was used in a mixture with fuel oil. In 1959 M. Dobrokhotov with his students suggested to heat three-way open-hearth furnaces with natural gas instead of a mixture of coke oven and blast-furnace gas. The method was first introduced at several furnaces of Zaporizhstal and K. Liebknecht plants, and then - in many plants of the country.

M. Dobrokhotov developed basic theory and practice of deoxidation and alloying of finished steel in ladle with solid ferroalloys, the use of which radically improved steelmaking process. It was first tested at the Volgograd metallurgical plant "Red October", and later - at the Izhevsk metallurgical plant, at Kuznetsk metallurgical plant and at other plants. Implementing it made it possible to increase the productivity of smelting furnaces, reduce haze of alloy additions and deoxidants, reduce the cost of steel and improve the quality of the material.

The scientist also developed a scientific basis for steel pouring at high temperatures to improve the quality, that gave rise to a new direction in the field of steel pouring to ingots and obtaining shaped steel casts, thereby improving their quality at all indicators. Before him there was an erroneous opinion that it was necessary to pour steel as slowly as possible. He laid the scientific basis for high-speed pouring of steel and has proved, that steel can be poured in three to four times faster without compromising quality of ingots. This increased the productivity of pouring bays of open-hearth workshops and twice reduced the employment of pouring spaces and equipment.

M. Dobrokhotov proposed a new technology of direct obtaining of iron from its ore. By his instructions semi-industrial devices - shaft furnace and the boiling bed reactor for direct reduction of iron by products of conversion of natural gas were constructed at the metallurgical plant "Zaporizhstal", by which were obtained necessary basic data for designing industrial units of this type.

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