Lithium-Ion Car Battery

For automotive applications, Valence Technology, Inc. has introduced a new lithium-ion car battery. The "U-Charge" system's patented "Saphion" Lithium-ion technology offers twice the amp capacity of an ordinary battery of the same size, and one third of the weight. It also charges faster and lasts up to four times longer than a lead-acid battery says the company. The battery can be used as a direct replacement for an ordinary car battery. Saphion technology utilizes a phosphate-based cathode material in place of metal-oxide materials that are typically used in Lithium-ion batteries. Saphion technology is chemically and thermally stable, making it safer than lead-acid batteries.

I. Reading Exercises:

Exercise 1. Read and memorize using a dictionary:

an extended warranty; case; deliver; density; flat; free liquid; metal-oxide material; safe; stop-start system; weight;

Exercise 2. Answer the questions:

1) What for do batteries today contain a "gel" electrolyte?

2) What do premium batteries also use instead of flat plates?

3) What do the spiral-wound construction also offer?

4) How are Metal Hydride (NHM) batteries combined?

5) Why has a new lithium-ion car battery been introduced?

Exercise 3. Match the left part with the right:

1. Many batteries today contain	a) extra cushioning and are more resist to vibration damage.
2. AGM separators provide	b) an ordinary battery of the same size.
3. The tightly wound spiral cells typically hold	c) a "gel" electrolyte.
4. Lithium-ion technology offers twice the amp capacity of	d) a charge longer than flat plate cells.

Exercise 4. Open brackets choosing the right words:

Some premium batteries also (use/make) a new type of "spiral-wound" cell construction instead of flat plates. This allows a (smaller/greater) surface area for higher power density. The six battery cells are (arranged/broken) like beverage cans in a six-pack. The result is a very compact, efficient design that delivers more cranking amps during the (final/initial) three to five seconds of cranking.

II. Speaking Exercises:

Exercise 1. Describe electric motor; output; replacement; cover using the suggested words and expressionsas in example:

puncture discharge; insulation; increase in current; failure; electrostatic stress. example: Puncturehappens, when disruptive discharge occurs through insulation involving a sudden and large increase in current through the insulation due to complete failure under electrostatic stress.

electric motor convert; electric energy; mechanical energy; forces; magnetic fields; current-carrying conductors

output current; voltage; power; driving force; a circuit; device; deliver

replacement filling; again; supplying; used up

Exercise 2. Ask questions to the given answers:

1) Question: ___________________________________________?

Answer: The separators hold the acid much like a paper towel soaks up water.

2) Question: ___________________________________________?

Answer: The six battery cells are arranged like beverage cans in a six-pack.

3) Question: ___________________________________________?

Answer: The spiral-wound construction also offers improved durability.

4) Question: ___________________________________________?

Answer: Hybrid replacement batteries are not yet available in the aftermarket.

5) Question: ___________________________________________?

Answer: Lithium-ion technology offers twice the amp capacity of an ordinary battery of the same size.

III. Writing exercises:

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