Government structure of Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan

Part I

The Republic of Kazakhstan lies right in between Europe and Asia. It stretches from the east of the Caspian Sea and Volga plains to the mountainous Altay and from the foothills of Tien Shan in the south and southeast to the West-Siberian lowland in the north. The size of the territory places Kazakhstan ninth in the world, after Russia, Canada, China, USA, Brasil, Australia, India and Argentina. The capital of Kazakhstan is Astana.

More than a quarter of the land consists of a portion of the gentle steppes that stretch from central Europe to Siberia. The rest of the republic reflects the beauty of forests, mountains, rivers, lakes and reservoirs.

Kazakhstan has the sharp continental climate. In separate years spring stretches from the south to the north during 1,5-2 months. When it is spring in the south, the north area is covered with snow and severe storm. July is the hottest season, and February is the coldest month

Part II

The land of Kazakhstan is rich by different soils and natural resources.

Kazakhstan's population includes many ethnic groups with their own language and culture brought together through their history. The largest ethnic groups are Kazakhs and Russians. The main religions are Islam and Christianity.

The official language of Kazakhstan is Kazakh, a Turkic language. State organizations and local governmental bodies also use Russian. The government encourages citizens to study and speak several languages. Everybody has the right to use their native language and the right to choose their language for communication, study and work.

The Kazakhs are an extremely hospitable people. If you come to a Kazakh home unexpected you will be received as if you had been invited. Since early childhood principles of respect of guests and older people as well as peacefulness and tolerance are instilled in every Kazakh and these are the national features of Kazakh culture and tradition.

Since ancient times the Kazakhs have carefully preserved and passed down the generations their tradition of hospitality, respect for the elders, peace and tolerance.

Kazakh national cuisine reflects the nature of its people, its history, customs and traditions. Since old times hospitality has been the most distinctive feature of the Kazakh people.

Kazakhstan is a market-economy state. The national economic policy aims to create the conditions for the socio-economic development of the country. The currency is the Tenge which is equal to 100 tyins. It was introduced on 15 th November 1993.

Government structure of Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan is an independent and sovereign state. It has its own national flag, state emblem, and anthem. Astana is the capital of the republic and an important political center. The President and the government live and work in it. The main law of the state is the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan. It was adopted in 1995. According to the Constitution Kazakhstan is a unitary state with a presidential form of Government. The President is elected for a five-year term by universal, equal and direct voting. The first President of the Republic Nursultan Nazarbayev was elected in 1991. Later in 1995 his term was extended by national referendum until the year 2000.

The highest representative body is the parliament of the Republic. The parliament consists of two houses – the Senate and the Majilis acting on a permanent basis. Parliament’s upper house, the 47-seat Senate, has two members from Astana, two from Almaty, and two from each of Kazakhstan’s 14 oblasts (administrative regions). The president appoints the remaining fifteen members. Senators serve six-year terms. The members of the lower house of Parliament, the 107-seat Majilis, are elected to five-year terms. The voting age is 18.

The government is headed by the Prime Minister. He is often given responsibility over the economy. Currently Karim Masimov is the Prime Minister in Kazakhstan.The judicial system of the Republic is executed by the Supreme Court and the local courts of the state. Control of Constitutional laws is implemented by the Constitutional Council, which consists of 7 members and is elected for period of 6 years.

Currently Nursultan Nazarbayev is head of state. He effectively controls all three branches of the government.

Дата добавления: 2015-11-16