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The more developed writer in English uses sentences that are connected to show the relationships between them. Use what you have learned about coordinating structures to do this exercise.
On a piece of paper, rewrite the paragraph. Use coordinating structures to combine the sentences with the same numbers into one sentence. Unnumbered sentences should be included but not combined with others. When you finish, you should have a nicely developed, cohesive paragraph.
(1) A coin is a piece of metal that has a certain weight. (1) It has the mark of the people who issued it. (2) The Lydians were a powerful people in Asia Minor who needed a convenient method of receiving payment for products they produced. (2) They made the first coins in the seventh century B.C. These primitively made coins were composed of "electrum," a natural composition of gold and silver. (3) The Greeks saw these coins and appreciated their usefulness. (3) They began to make coins, too. (4) About 100 years later, many cities in Greece had coins. (4) Cities all over the mainland of Asia Minor had them, too. (5) Gold coins were the most valuable. (5) Silver and copper were also used. The Romans later adopted the idea, carrying it on for 500 years, when the art of coinage declined. (6) In the fifteenth century, the art of coinage was revived because there was more metal available. (6) There were many skilled artists to engrave the coins in this period of history. (7) The first coins made in America, in 1752, were not regular in shape. (7) They were not the same weight. (8) Today, coins are essential in our modern life. (8) Our society, with its vast numbers of coin-operated machines, could not function without this ancient invention.
WHAT IS AN ESSAY?
The first chapter reviewed the structure of an individual paragraph: the topic sentence with the key word or controlling idea, the supporting sentences, the transitions, and the conclusion. From now on in this text, we will look at the paragraph as a part of a larger whole, the essay. One essay may have many different kinds of well-developed paragraphs or combinations of paragraphs.
The structure of an essay is much like that of a paragraph, except that an essay is made up of many paragraphs. An essay usually has three parts: the introduction (beginning), the body (middle), and the conclusion (end). The introduction and conclusion will each be at least one paragraph, but the body will be many paragraphs. Each paragraph in the body will have a topic idea and will expand upon the essay's main idea (called the thesis) using appropriate supporting materials: examples and details, illustration, facts, statistics, or description.
As you read the following paragraph, notice the sentences that support the topic idea. What kind of supporting materials are used?
Topic sentence Even though medical students study very hard in school, they need to have additional
skills to perform successful operations and become successful surgeons.
First First, they must learn to examine patients thoroughly and check their illness records.
Next Next, they need to have a lot of practice. Operations require great skill and speed of
performance, which come only with practice.
Last Last, surgeons must watch their patients carefully in case there are post-operative
complications. Only by doing these three things consistently will surgeons perform
operations successfully.
The following essay expands the three points made in the paragraph. Notice how each point is discussed in further detail in the supporting paragraphs.
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