Changes in plants

In the fall, days get short and nights get cold. This causes the leaves and stems of many plants to change colors and fall to the ground. But, the buds for the next spring’s leaves and flowers have already been formed. And food for the spring has been stored in the roots and stems of the plant. There are more hours of daylight in spring, and the weather becomes warmer. This causes new leaves, twigs, and flowers to continue growing.

Some plants look dead in the winter. When the temperature is cold, grasses turn brown and do not grow. When it gets warm, grasses begin to grow again. The grass uses the food stored in its roots to grow.

Some plants live only one year. These plants are called annuals. The Spanish needle plant is an annual. When cold weather comes, all Spanish needle plants die. But, the seeds of the Spanish needle plant stay alive. These seeds have sharp points. Sometimes, the points catch on people’s clothing and in the fur of animals. After the seeds are dropped on the ground, new Spanish needle plants can grow. The seeds will grow into plants the next spring.

Many of the prettiest flowering plants are annuals. Many weeds are annuals, too.

Упр. 7. Соотнесите термины и их определения:

Environment Adaptation Hibernation To survive To protect To adapt To hibernate Fat Annuals

is are

to stay alive. food stored in the bodies of animals. plants that live only one year. something that makes it possible for a living thing to survive in its environment. pass the whole of the winter in an inactive state. everything that surrounds a living thing. a resting stage in which some animals spend the whole winter. to keep safe from danger of enemies. become suitable for a new situation.

TEXT 3

Упр. 1. Отработайте чтение следующих слов активного словаря. Запомните их:

· around [¶`raund] adv вокруг · soil n почва · include [in`klu:d] v включать · building [`bildih] n здание · breathe [bri:∂] v дышать · smell v обонять, чувствовать запах, пахнуть; n запах, обоняние · whole [houl] a целый, весь; n целое, всё · pollute [p¶`lu:t] v загрязнять · pollution [p¶`lu:ò¶n] n загрязнение · land n почва; земля, суша; страна · fat land плодородная почва · poor land скудная почва · throw smth away (threw, thrown) [`qrou ¶`wei] v выбрасывать что-л.; throw into сбрасывать в · beauty [`bju:ti] n красота · noise [nÉiz] n шум · waste [weist] n отбросы, отходы · recycle [`ri:`saikl] v рециркулировать, переработать с целью повторного использования · treat [tri:t] v обрабатывать, подвергать действию · need [ni:d] v нуждаться, иметь надобность · keep [ki:p] v хранить, сохранять · drink (drank, drunk) v пить · sink n сточная труба, трубопровод · sewage [`sju:id ] n сточные воды · sewage treatment plant [tri:tm¶nt pla:nt] n очистные сооружения · travel [trævl] v перемещаться · flow [flou] v (flew, flown) течь, литься (into – в) · nearby [`ni¶bai] a близкий, соседний · ocean [ouòn] n океан · trash [træò] n отбросы, хлам, мусор · garbage [`ga:bid ] n (кухонные) отбросы; гниющий мусор · fishing area [e¶`ri¶] n зона рыболовства · liquid [`likwid] a жидкий · oil [Éil] n нефть · oil refinery [ri`fain¶ri] n нефтеочистительный завод · gasoline=gasolene [`gæs¶li:n] n амер. бензин · chemical [`kemik¶l] n pl химикалии, химические препараты · dump v сбрасывать · pest [pest] n с/х вредитель, вредное насекомое, паразит · poison [`pÉizn] n яд, отрава; а ядовитый, отравляющий; v отравлять · poisonous [`pÉizn¶s] a ядовитый · amount [¶`maunt] n количество · lead [li:d] to smth v вести к чему-л. · call [kÉ:l] v называть · chlorine [`klÉ:ri:n] n хлор · add [æd] v добавлять · spray [sprei] v распылять · handle [hændl] v обращаться, обходиться, управлять · plant 1. n растение; v садить; 2. n завод

Упр. 2. Прочитайте и переведите следующие интернациональные слова:

cycle [saikl] n, v; recycle [ri`saikl] v; chemical [`kemik¶l] a, n; chlorine [`klÉ:ri:n] n; pesticede [`pestisaid] n; natural [`nætò¶r¶l] a; toilet [`tÉilit] n.

Упр. 3. Прочтите и переведите слова их их производные:

care – careful – carefully – careless – carelessly – carelessness; cycle – recycle; wide – to widen; less – to lessen; worse – to worsen; large – to enlarge – enlargement; harm – harmful – harmless – harmlessness; pollute – polluted – pollution; safe – unsafe; chlorine – chlorinate – chlorinated – chlorination.

Упр. 4. В данном тексте встречаются предложения с герундием (V+ing). Прежде чем переводить предложения, проработайте сведения о герундии в Части IV Lesson 4 пособия. Переведите следующие предложения:

1. Throwing things away carelessly pollutes the environment. 2. Spoiling natural beauty is another form of pollution. 3. Trash and garbage pollute important fishing areas. 4. Polluting the water is dangerous to all living things. 5. More complete burning makes smoke less dangerous. 6. Some chemicals leave over from manufacturing. 7. Recycling is done at special centers. 8. Is there a recycling center near you? 9. Using things wisely is another way to stop pollution. 10. The government makes laws about littering. 11. You and your family can help by obeying the laws.

Упр. 5. Прочитайте и переведите текст:

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