1. No list is kept.
2. It is unfortunate.
3. In France there is the Academie Francaise.
4. It approves new words.
5. In England there are only dictionaries.
6. The most authoritative of these is the Oxford English Dictionary (OED).
7. It has 20 volumes.
8. It doesn’t make rules about the language.
9. It simply records the development of English worldwide.
10. It accepts about 4000 new words (or new meanings) every year.
11. The OED has readers in all English-speaking parts of the world.
12. They record repeated uses of new words.
13. The new words also include technical terms.
14. Some words take a surprisingly long time to enter the OED.
15. ‘Acid rain’ was first used in 1859.
16. Its usage was rare for over 100 years.
17. It didn’t appear in dictionaries until the 1980s.
4. What man-made things on Earth can be seen from Space?
Men first flew to space.
The only man-made object visible from orbit was believed the Great Wall of China.
They were amazed to discover that.
1. This is a nice idea.
2. This is not true.
3. The Great Wall is mostly grey stone in a grey landscape.
4. It is very difficult to see even from an aeroplane.
5. It is very difficult to see when an aeroplane is flying at a mere 15 km above.
6. What can be seen when you are orbiting the Earth?
7. When you are orbiting the Earth from about 200 km up you can see the fires of African desert people.
8. You can see the lights of fishing boats off Japan.
9. You can see a fence.
10. It is a very long wire fence.
11. It is in Western Australia.
12. • It marks farmland on one side.
13. It marks desert on the other side.
5. Combine the following sentences to form a coherent biography of Ernest Hemingway. Reorder the information if necessary. Divide it into paragraphs.
1. Ernest Hemingway was bom in 1899.
2. He was bom in Chicago.
3. Chicago is a city in Illinois.
4. He had a middle-class upbringing.
5. His father was a doctor.
6. All his life Ernest Hemingway rebelled against the morals of his parents.
7. He rebelled against the conventions of life in Chicago.
8. He graduated from High School in 1917.
9. He didn’t go to college.
10. He was impatient for a less sheltered environment.
11. He went to Kansas City.
12. He was employed as a reporter.
13. He was a reporter for the Star.
14. The Star was a leading newspaper.
15. Working for the Star gave him invaluable vocational training.
16. He wanted to be a soldier.
17. He was rejected for military service.
18. He had poor eyesight.
19. He became an ambulance driver for the American Red Cross.
20. He was injured in World War I.
21. He was decorated for heroism.
22. Ha was fascinated by war. He worked as a war correspondent.
23. He reported wars in Spain, China and Europe.
24. Many of his books were about war.
25. For Whom the Bell Tolls was written in 1940.
26. It was his most successful book.
27. It was about a volunteer American soldier in the Spanish Civil War.
28. It dealt with the comradeship of war.
29. A Farewell to Arms is about the pointlessness of war.
30. He won the Nobel prize for literature in 1954.
31. He suffered from depression towards the end of his life.
32. He loved life, but was obsessed with death.
33. He committed suicide in 1961.
///. REPORTING
Report the dialogues. Mum’s WORRIES!!!
Mum: Oh, dear! I hope everything will be all right. You’ve never been abroad before.
Jim: Don’t worry, Mum. I’ll be OK. I can look after myself. Anyway, I’ll be with Anthony. We won’t do anything stupid.
M: But what will you do if you run out of money?
J: We’ll get a job, of course!
M: Oh, what about if you get lost?
J: Mum! If we get lost, we’ll ask someone the way, but we won’t get lost because we know where we’re going!
M: Oh. All right. But still...how will I know you’re all right?
J: When we get to a big city, I’ll send you a postcard.
M: But Jim, it’s such a long flight to Istanbul!
J: Mum, as soon as we arrive in Turkey, I’ll give you a ring!
M: I’ll be so worried until I hear from you.
J: It’ll be OK, Mum. Honest!
Pandora
Dialogue 1. The story begins at a Charity Premiere for Tom Houston's new film. My photograph was in every newspaper but when my agent sent me to Apollo records...
Secretary: Good morning.
P: Good morning. I'm Pandora- I’m here to see Mr. Gold... erm...
S: Goldstein?
P: Yes, that’s it. He's expecting me and Fat Sam.
S: Fat Sam?
P: My manager. He's parking my car.
S: Could you spell Pandora, please?
P: Sure. P-A-N-D-O-R-A.
S: Was that T or D?
P: D. Look. Here's Sam now. We are already late!
S: Please, wait a second, {on the phone) Pandora and Fat Sam are here for you. Yes. All right, fine. I'm sorry. Mr. Goldstein is busy at the moment. George Michael is here.
F.S.: But we've got an appointment.
S: Mr. Goldstein is sorry. Can you come back at 10 tomorrow?
F.S.: Yes. Is it possible?
P: Sam, have you forgotten? We've got an appointment with Michael at 10 tomorrow.
F.S.: Michael who?
P: Michael Jackson, of course.
F.S.: But Pandora, we...
P: Come on. Let's go.
Dialogue 2. Mr. Goldstein telephoned me every day for a week. We went to see him and soon I was the new star of Apollo Records, but at home things were just the same.
• Mum, I'm home.
• Did you have a good day, dear?
• Yes, it was really great. Look, this is the cover of my new album. What do you think?
• Well, I'm afraid, I don't like it. Dear.
• Why?
• Well, I'm afraid it's not really you, dear. Look, erm... Will you take the rubbish out? It's in the bag.
• But Mum, what do you mean you don't like it?
• Your hair is everywhere. And you know I like to see you in nice clothes.
• But Mum, it’s the fashion. They are nice clothes.
• Will you please take the rubbish out?
• Oh...
A few minutes later.
• Who are all those people in the street?
• Erm... I think they are waiting to see you.
• Me?
• Yes, I'm afraid I sent them to the wrong house.
• Mum!
Dialogue 3.
Goldstein: Right, I called you here today because I believe you can do something useful, erm... for the world.
Pandora: Really? What?
Goldstein: I think you can help to save the rain forest.
Pandora: Rain forest? What rain forest?
Goldstein: the Amazon forest. Look! I can see the headlines now: ’’Pandora saves the rain forest!” It will be great for sales of the new album. What do you think?
F. Sam: That’s a great idea, Mr. Goldstein. A really great idea. I like it. Hey, Pandora?
Pandora: I’m not sure.
Goldstein: Why not? Don't you agree?
Pandora: I’ll think about it.
Goldstein: Ok. Give me a ring. I’m having lunch with Madonna.
A few minutes later in the lift.
F.Sam: Why didn’t you agree?
Pandora: I was never good at geography. I don’t know where the Amazon is!
Dialogue 4, Soon life changed. I could buy the things I wanted.
Pandora: Mum, I’m going to a pet shop to buy a dog. Will you come with me? Mum: We haven't got room for a dog.
Pandora. Oh, Mum, why can't we look?
Mum: All right, I'll come.
In the shop.
Mum: We want a dog for a small house.
Shop: There are nice dogs for small houses.
Pandora: I don’t like them. They are too small. Have you got anything bigger? Shop: How about this one? She is very friendly.
Mum: Oh, she's so sweet. Don’t you like her?
Pandora: No, she’s not quite right.
Shop: and these?
Pandora: No, they are not what I want.
Shop: Well, I’m sorry. We can't help you.
Pandora: Wait. That one there. That’s just what we want.
Mum: Pandora, that dog will be enormous when it’s older!
Shop: Erm... that's really not a dog for a small house.
Pandora: Don't worry. I'll buy a bigger house. How much is it? I'll take it.
KEYS
COMPARISON AND CONTRAST
Ex.l: 1. much; 2. a lot; 3. even; 4. much; 5. far; 6. at all; 7. by no means; 8. any...any; 9. no; 10. a little; 11. by far.
Ex.3:
a) High level positions are stressful at times, but professionals can learn to manage their stress levels.
b) Although high level positions are stressful at times, professionals can learn to manage their stress levels.
c) High level positions are stressful at times. However, professionals can learn to manage their stress levels.
d) Despite the stressful nature of high level positions, professionals can learn to manage their stress levels.
e) Despite the fact that high level positions are stressful at times, professionals can learn to manage their stress levels.
f) In spite of the stressful nature of high level positions, professionals can learn to manage their stress levels.
g) High level positions are stressful at times. Nevertheless, professionals can learn to manage their stress levels.
Ex.4:
1. He went to school today, even though he didn’t feel very well.
2. He always did his best at school whereas most of his school friends were lazy.
3. He didn’t pass the exam in spite of the help I gave him.
4. Admission was free. However, few people attended the lecture.
5. He agreed to go climbing, although he hated heights.
6. Not everybody thinks the building is ugly. On the contrary, some people say it looks marvellous.
Ex.5: 1.despite/ in spite of; 2.whereas; 3. although/ even though/ though/ in spite of the fact that/ despite the fact that; 4. however/ on the other hand; 5. on the contrary; 6. despite/ in spite of; 7. though; 8. whatever; 9. while/ whereas; 10. although/ though/ even though; 11. on the other hand; 12. on the contrary; 13. nevertheless.
Ex.6: 1. like; 2. unlike; 3. neither; 4. in contrast; 5. both; 6. similarly; 7. neither; 8. nor; 9. like; 10. unlike.
TIME
Ex.2
8. So do you ever go to the college of an evening on the days you're working?
9. This came on the day I got my last bank statement.
10. He arrived at the moment the Civil Service was preparing radical administrative changes.
11. At the moment my husband proposed to me, I said, "Yes, I'll marry you."
12. The first time I came here, I had the best night's sleep for months.
13. Matty enjoyed talking to Mr Halloran, whom he met on the days the greengrocer brought his van around.
14. There was a wave of dissatisfaction with President Bush's economic policy at the moment that policy was starting to come right.
Ex.3 Suggested answers.
1 After; 2 the minute; 3 as soon as; 4 after; 5 as soon as; 6 once; 7 the moment; 8 as soon as; 9 the minute; 10 as soon as; 11 once; 12 after; 13 immediately; 14 the instant; 15 after; 16 once.
Ex,4
1 after; 2 later; 3 afterward; 4 subsequently; 5 afterwards/later.
Ex.5 since - с тех пор как
until - до тех пор, пока не
Ex. 6.
1 the moment; 2 whenever; 3 after; 4 once; 5 while; 6 until; 7 as soon as; 8 before; 9 by the time; 10 just as.
Ex. 7
1 as long as; 2 until; 3 as soon as; 4 hardly when; 5 when; 6 before; 7 until; 8 while; 9 by; 10 by the time.
Ex.8
As soon as he woke up, he jumped out of bed. - The moment he woke up, he jumped out of bed - When he woke up, he jumped out of bed.
Ex.9
1. What were you doing when the earthquake started?
2. No sooner had he begun speaking than he was interrupted again.
3. Whenever we touched upon this topic, he became furious.
4. While opening the door he was wondering what had made Mrs. Oliver visit him.
5. He promised to call once he reaches his destination.
6. What did you do when the thunderstorm began?
7. His case won’t come to court for several months, and in the meantime most of the people think him guilty.
8. Since Colin red this article he’s refused to eat meat.
9. I’d hardly closed my eyes when the phone ran again.
10. They’ll be here soon. Meanwhile, let’s have coffee.
CONDITION
Ex.l a)
1 when; 2 cannot be rewritten; 3 when; 4 cannot be rewritten; 5 cannot be rewritten; 6 when; 7 cannot be rewritten;
b)
1 if; 2 when; 3 when; 4 ifi'when; 5 if; 6 when; 7 if; 8 when; 9 when.
Ex.2
1 in case; 2 if; 3 in case; 4 if; 5 in case; 6 in case; 7 if; 8 if; 9 in case; in case.
Ex.4
1 suppose; 2 if so; 3 suppose; 4 supposing; 5 otherwise; 6 otherwise; 7 if not; 8 supposing that; 9 if so.
Ex.5
1. What if he is given the custody of the child?
2. It’s his stepsister, if I’m not mistaken.
3. We’ll never see each other again unless I go to Australia.
4. Considering that he received no help the results are very good.
5. Mother will believe me providing I tell her what she wants to here.
6. In the event of his resignation we’ll have some difficulty finding such an efficient specialist.
7. Are you pressed for time today? If not, I suggest we have lunch before the departure.
8. It’s perfectly harmless. I wouldn’t have done it otherwise.
9. Given that we have no evidence, we can’t consider him guilty.
10. You’ll see Mr. Carter only if you have an appointment with him.
CAUSE, EFFECT
Ex. 1
1. There were many casualties, particularly among 6 Commando, due to heavy shelling from the German guns.
2. France’s existing army personnel of 285,000 would be cut by 50,000-70,000 men in “five or six years”; the reduction was partly due to the withdrawal of some 48,000 French troops from Germany.
3. There are occasions when, due to reasons beyond our control, flights are delayed.
4. Once, owing to a printer's understandable failure to decipher my proof corrections, a book of mine appeared with a recipe which called for the whisked whites of 123 eggs... no reader has ever written to me demanding an explanation of this recipe.
5. Owing to its price, it is unlikely that real Italian Parmesan is sprinkled generously over your food in Italian restaurants.
6. Guardsman Evans was unable to jump as the pilot decided to land owing to the approaching darkness
7. Increasing deafness among young people may be due to their exposure to rock music, say scientists.
8. Some language teachers find classical music useful in their lessons, owing to its relaxing effect.
9. If you come from a city, you may find it hard to sleep in the country owing to/due to the silence.
10. Many quarrels between neighbours are due to noisy parties.
Ex.4
1. The government’s economic policy has been disastrous: hence a drastic decline in its popularity.
2. Due to the disastrous economic policy government’s popularity has declined drastically.
3. The government’s disastrous economic policy has led to a drastic decline in its popularity.
4. The drastic decline in the government’s popularity is the result of its disastrous economic policy.
5. The government’s economic policy has been disastrous. Thus, its popularity has declined drastically.
6. The government’s popularity has declined drastically as a result of its disastrous economic policy.
1. The consequence of the government’s disastrous economic policy is the decline in its popularity.
8. The government’s popularity has declined drastically because of its disastrous economic policy.
PURPOSE
Ex.1
1. He tied a knot in his handkerchief so that this would remind him to meet the train.
2. He killed the men who helped him to bury the treasure so that nobody but himself would know where it was.
3. He left his rifle outside so as not to frighten his wife.
4. We had no cups but he gave us coconut shells in order that we could drink out of them.
5. He rushed into the burning house to save the child.
6. He read only for short periods each day in order not to strain his eyes.
7. The farmer put a scarecrow up in the field (so as/in order) to frighten the birds.
8. The boys are collecting sticks (so as/in order) to put them on the fire.
9. He changed his address constantly (so as/in order) to elude the police.
10. They evacuated everybody from the danger zone (so as/in order) to reduce the risk.
11. He sent his children to his sister’s house to watch the television programme.
12. The town council has forbidden coal fires (so as/in order) to keep the air clean.
13. He invented a wife and six children (so as/in order) to avoid paying income tax.
14. He didn’t tell her he was going up in the spacecraft so as not to alarm her.
15. Put the cork back in case someone knocks the bottle over.
16. The airfield authorities have put arc lights over the damaged runway so that repair work will continue day and night.
17. You ought to take some serum with you in case you get bitten by a snake.
18. We keep a spade in this house for fear that there is a heavy fall of snow in the night.
19. We put bars on the lower windows so that noone could climb in.
20. You should carry a jack in your car in case you have a puncture.
21. She tied a bell round her cat’s neck so that the birds would know when he was approaching.
22. I have put wire over my chimney pots in order that birds couldn’t build nests in them.
23. The burglar cut the telephone wires so that I couldn’t call the police.
24. The manufacturers have made the taps of their new gas cooker very stiff in order that young children won’t be able to turn them on.
25. Never let children play with matches for fear that they may set themselves on fire.
26. The debate on education has been postponed (so as/in order) to discuss the latest crisis.
27. The policeman stopped the traffic every few minutes so that the pedestrians could cross the road.
28. Barbara jammed on the brakes for fear that she would run over the cat.
29. The police have barricaded the main streets to prevent the demonstrators from marching through the town.
30. To avoid boring you any longer with the exercise it’s the last sentence.
WINTER TERM MOCK GRAMMAR TEST (3rd year)
(Remember: nothing is more important than staying CALM during an exam)
Section I. Insert appropriate linkers.
1. It was a complicated task; I coped with it______.
2. He had that nasty raw_____ jealousy.
3. Not only the building collapsed, but a few people were killed_____.
4. We weren’t in the mood for a casino, so we went to the theatre________.
5.______ English & Spanish, we never studied foreign languages.
6. Nobody_______ the President has the power to do it..
I. Please repair the television,______ give back the money.
8. The company couldn’t sell the product_______ spending a lot on advertising.
9. In Brazil they speak Portuguese_________ in most of South America they
speak Spanish.
10.________ hard they train they will never win the championship.
II. She’ll look for a flat of her own_______ she could be independent.
12.The_____________________________________ opponents voted against the programme prevented it from being implemented.
13. Most_______________________ of the problems of adolescents are the influence of parents.
14. We are convinced of the justice of our case, and we do not intend
to give it on the fundamental issue.
15.____ I’m going to explain what I believe is going on.
16.She cried _________ happiness when she saw her daughter alive.
17.____________ the strike all payments will be postponed.
18. Today______________________________________ the menu consisted of smoked salmon mousse? with they were
drinking a delightful white wine.
Section II. Join the sentences using within or across-sentence logical connectors.
1. I want you to keep quiet. I’ll get very annoyed.
2. I could meet you at the office. I could drop in at your place.
3: The price of raw materials has increased. A fall in demand can be expected.
4. B. Roe has ambitions to become the world’s leading newspaper proprietor. He has purchased the New York Globe.
5. There’s no record of the transaction in our files. There’s no proof that the transaction ever took place.
6. They have reduced production of cars considerably. Our outcome has increased enormously.
7. I have never been an enemy of monarchy. The well-being of new nations, I think, may depend of monarchy.
8. Roger had great difficulties playing cricket. He was an awfully good rugby player.
9. I’ve got a bit of a problem. All the banks are closed. Could you lend me 100 dollars till tomorrow?
10. This year’s fall in profits was not unexpected. It is very disappointing.
11.Poachers shoot elephants for their ivory. The number of elephants is decreasing.
12.She admitted that she had spoken to them. She had told them about our secret discussions.
Section III. Translate into English.
1. Экзамен сдали все, кроме Дональда.
2. Джон и Джейн очень похожи, только у Джона волосы потемнее.
3. В систему школьного образования будут внесены существенные изменения.
4. Кроме приема лекарств, вам необходимы ежедневные прогулки на свежем воздухе.
5. Чтобы не опоздать, мы взяли такси.
6. Раз ты его хорошо знаешь, позвони ему сам, ладно?
7. Жестянка из-под чая служила Джеку копилкой.
8. Он говорил так, как будто был абсолютно уверен в этом.
9. Если предположить, что он знал об этом, то вполне возможно, он их и предупредил.
10. Сейчас Питер говорит, что у них мало общего. А ведь раньше он утверждал, что они лучшие друзья.
11. Спектакль понравился всем, даже самым маленьким.
12. К сожалению, Фрэнк, который бы никогда не согласился, был в это время в отъезде.
THIRD YEAR FINAL MOCK GRAMMAR TEST
(Remember: still, nothing is more important than staying CALM during an exam)
I. LINK THE SENTENCES, MAKING A TEXT.
Doctors under stress
1. Each day doctors encounter stresses.
2. The stresses are an intrinsic part of medical practice.
3. Doctors work with intensely emotional aspects of life.
4. Their training is grossly inadequate for these aspects.
5. Patients may be frightened.
6. Patients may be in pain.
7. Interacting with them is stressful.
8. The patients' relatives may be very anxious.
9. The patients' relatives may be deliberately hostile.
10. Dealing with the relatives is stressful.
11.Doctors often have to deal with the demand for certainty.
12. Medical science may not always have clear or easy answers.
13. Many of us realize that stress is a medical problem.
14. Few of us realize just how stress-prone doctors themselves are.
II. FILL THE GAPS WITH APPROPRIATE LINKERS AND CONNECTORS.
a) Before they visit a new country tourists should find out as much as they can about
the places they are going to be seeing. (1)_____, if they know what weather to
expect, they will take suitable clothes. (2)______, if they know whether to tip
or not, they will avoid embarrassing situations. (3)_____, if they know when
the shops are open, they will avoid the disappointment of missing out. These tips should help to make a stay in a foreign country (4)_________________________________________ enjoyable and
(5) ___ frustrating.
b) Scientific studies suggest that intelligence is (6)__________ partly inherited.
(7), intelligent parents are more likely to have intelligent children. Some information about this has been gathered from studies of identical twins who were
brought up separately. (8)_______ they grew up in different environments, their
school results were often remarkably similar.
III. TURN THE DIALOGUE INTO A STORY.
She doesn't like interview
Lisa Ms Jacklin, is it your 1st visit to England?
Susanne Well, er... no....
Frank No, it isn’t. Next question.
Lisa Do you like England?
Susanne Well, yes, I do....
Frank Yes, she does. Next question.
Lisa | Do you like English men? |
Susanne | Well, er... I.... |
Frank | No, she doesn’t. No way! |
Lisa | Ms Jacklin, I like the book Kiss, but I don’t like the film. Do you like the film? |
Susanne | Well, I.... |
Frank | She likes it very much. It’s a wonderful film, a box-office success... twenty million dollars in the 1st week! |
Lisa | I’m asking her, Mr. De Vito. |
Frank | She doesn't like interviews. I’m answering the questions, OK? |
Lisa | OK. Does she like the television series of Kiss? |
Frank | Yes, she li... |
Susanne | De Vito... |
Frank | Yes, Ms Jacklin? |
Susanne | Shut up. No, I don't. I don’t like the television series, and I don't like the film. That's the end of the interview. Good buy. |
Good luck!
REFERENCES
1. С. Чокер. Связующие слова: Справочник по английскому языку. Пер. с англ./Сильвия Чокер. - М.: ООО «Издательство Астрель»: ООО «Изда- тельсьтво АСТ», 2004. -- 236, [4] с.
2. Clare West. Recycling Advanced English. Georgian Press, 1999.
3. Jenny Dooley, Virginia Evans. Grammarway 4. Express Publishing, 2001.
4. John & Liz Soars. New Headway Intermediate. Student’s Book. Oxford, 2004.
5. John & Liz Soars. New Headway Upper-Intermediate. Student’s Book. Oxford, 2004
6. John & Liz Soars. New Headway Advanced. Student’s Book. Oxford, 2005.
7. Michael Swan, Catherine Walter. How English Works. A Grammar Practice Book with answers. Oxford, 1999.
8. Sue O’Connell. Focus on Advanced English C.A.E. Revised and Updated. Student’s Book. Longman, 2000.
9. Sue O’Connell. Focus on Proficiency. Student’s Book. Longman, 2000.
RELATIVES
Exc.l
1. S '
2. о
3. о
4. s
5. о
6. о
7. s
8. о
9. о
Ехс.З
3- а
4- J
5- i
6- с
7- d
8- h 9-е Ю-g
Exc. 4
1. which
2. what
3. what
4. which
5. what
6. which
7. which
8. what
9. which
10. which
Exc.5 (b)
a-3
b-4
c-5
d-2
e-6
f-1
Russian equivalents of the proverbs:
a) Волков бояться
- в лес не ходить.
b) Кто везде бывает, тот много знает.
c) Связался с чертом - пеняй на себя.
d) Без труда нет плода.
e) Не ошибается тот, кто ничего не делает.
f) Кто первый пришел, первый молол.
Ехс. 7
1. d
2. п
3. d
4. п
5. d
6. п
7. п
8. d
9. п
10. п
Ехс. 8
1- 3
2- 12
3- 7
4- 4
5- 1
6- 10
7- 2
8- 5
9- 9
10- 8
11-6
12-11
Ехс. 9
The sentences are different due to the fact that they contain defining or non-defining clauses.
Exc. 10. a)
1. that/-
2. cannot be changed
3. cannot be changed
4. that/-
5. cannot be changed
b)
1. who
2. -
3. that
4. that (informal) or who
5. which
6. -
7. who
8. -
9. that
10. which
Exc. 13
1. (that) I’ve ever...
2. correct
3. correct
4. correct
5. (that) he always plays with.
6...., which..
7. whose
8. why/ that
9....bom in... fin which
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