109. O. Rank, Will Therapy and Truth and Reality (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1945).
110. R. May, ed., Existential Psychology (New York: Random House, 1969), p. 19.
111. R. May, Art of Counseling (Nashville, Tenn.: Abingdon Press, Apex Books, 1967), p. 70.
112. R. May, E. Angel, and H. Ellenberger, eds., Existence (New York: Basic Books, 1958), p. 52.
113. A. Maslow, Toward a Psychology of Being (Princeton, N.J.: D. Van Nostrand, 1962), p. 5.
114. M. Buber, The Knowledge of Man (New York: Harper & Row, 1965), pp. 121 —
48.
115. G. Murphy, Human Potentialities (New York: Basic Books, 1958).
116. E. Fromm, Man for Himself (New York: Rinehart, 1947).
117. С. Buhler, "Maturation and Motivation", Dialectica (1951) 5:312—61.
118. G. Allport, Becoming (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1955).
119. С. Rogers, On Becoming a Person (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1961).
120. С. Jung, Modern Man in Search of a Soul (New York: Harcourt, 1933).
121. Maslow, Psychology of Being, pp. 19—41.
122. K. Horney, Neurosis and Human Growth (New York: W. W. Norton, 1950).
123. Ibid., p. 17.
124. Maslow, Psychology of Being, pp. 3—4.
125.). S. Mill, cited in Arendt, Willing, p. 9.
126. St. Augustine, cited in Arendt, Willing, p. 98.
127. F. Kafka, Tagebucher 1910—1923 (Germany: S. Fischer Verlag; New York: Schocken, 1948), p. 350.
128. F. Kafka, The Trial (New York: Modern Library, Random House, 1956), pp. 247—78.
129. J. Heuscher, "Inauthenticity, Flight from Freedom, Despair," American Journal of Psychoanalysis (1976) 36:331—7.
130. Kafka, The Trial, p. 266.
131. Kafka, cited in M. Buber, The Knowledge of Man (New York: Harper & Row, 1965) p. 143.
132. Buber, Knowledge of Man, p. 143.
133. Heuscher, "Inauthenticity".
134. Ibid.
135. S. Kierkegaard, cited in R. May, The Meaning of Anxiety, rev. ed. (New York: W. W. Norton, 1977) p. 40.
К главе 7
1. A. Wheelis, "The Place of Action in Personality Change," Psychiatry (1950) 13:135—48.
2. A. Wheelis, "Will and Psychoanalysis," Journal of Psychoanalytic Association (1956) 4:285—303.
4. Б. Jones, The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud, vol. I (New York: Basic Books, 1953), p. 41.
5. S. Freud, cited in R. May, Love and Will (New York: W. W. Norton, 1969), p. 183.
6. May, Love and Will, p. 183.
7. S. Freud, The Ego and the Id. vol. XIX in Standard Edition (London: Hogarth Press, 1961, originally published in 1923), p. 50.
8. May, Love and Will, p. 198.
9. T. Hobbes, cited in H. Arendt, Willing, vol. II in The Life of Mind (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1978), p. 23.
10. B. Spinoza, The Chief Works, ed. R. H. Elwes, vol. II (New York: Dover, 1951), p. 390.
11. May, Love and Will, pp. 197—98.
12. Aristotle, cited in Arendt, Willing, pp. 15—18.
13. Arendt, Willing, p. 32.
14. I. Kant, cited in Arendt, Willing, p. 6.
15. L. Farber, The Ways of the Will (New York: Basic Books, 1966), p. 27.
16. Wheelis, "Will and Psychoanalysis".
17. S. Arieti, The Will to Be Human (New York: Quadrangle Books, 1972), p. 2.
18. Wheelis, "Will and Psychoanalysis".
19. Arendt, Willing, p. 15.
20. A. Schopenhauer, The World as Will and Representation (Indian Hills, Col.: Falcon's Wing Press, 1958).
21. F. Nietzsche, cited in Arendt, Willing, p. 161.
22. Aristotle, cited in Arendt, Willing, p. 16.
23. Arendt, Willing, p. 13; and May, Love and Will, p. 243.
24. W. James, Psychology (Greenwich, Conn.: Fawcett, 1963), pp. 376—80.
25. E. Becker, Denial of Death (New York: Free Press, 1973).
26. O. Rank, Will Therapy and Truth and Reality trans. J. Taft, (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1945).
27. Ibid., p. 111.
28. Ibid., p. 24.
29. Ibid., p. 28.
30. O. Rank, "The Training of the Will and Emotional Development," Journal of Otto Rank Associates, (December 1967) 3:51—74.
31. Ibid., p. 68.
32. Ibid., p. 68.
33. Ibid., p. 69.
34. Rank, Will Therapy, p. 230.
35. Ibid., p. 7.
36. Ibid., p. 9.
37. Ibid., p. 12.
38. Ibid., p. 8.
39. Ibid., p. 11.
40. S. Tomkins, cited in R. May, Love and Will (New York: W. W. Norton, 1969), p. 194.
41. Wheelis, "Will and Psychoanalysis".
42. Rank, Will Therapy, p. 16.
43. Ibid, p. 56.
44. L. Farber, The Ways of the Will (New York: Basic Books, 1966).
45. Ibid., p. 8.
46. Ibid., p. 15.
47. May, Love and Will, p. 197.
48. Ibid., p. 211.
49. Ibid., p. 243.
50. Ibid., p. 211.
51. S. Freud, Interpretation of Dreams, vol. V in Standard Edition (London: Hogarth Press, 1953; originally published in 1900), pp. 565—70.
52. Ibid., pp. 550—572.
53. May, Love and Will, p. 210.
54. Ibid., p. 211.
55. Ibid., p. 218.
56. Ibid.
57. Rank, Will Therapy, p. 12.
58. H. Arendt, Willing. p. 158.
59. E. Keen, cited in May, Love and Will, p. 268.
60. May, Love and Will, p. 165.
61. J. Nemiah, "Alexithymia and Psychosomatic Illness", Journal of Continuing Education and Psychiatry (October 1978) pp. 25—38.
62. S. Freud, Studies on Hysteria, vol. II in Standard Edition (London: Hogarth Press, 1955; originally published, 1895).
63. I. Yalom, Theory and Practice of Group Psychotherapy (New York: Basic Books, 1975), pp. 77—79.
64. S. Rose, "Intense Feeling Therapy", in Emotional Flooding, ed. P. Olsen (New York: Penguin Books, 1977), pp. 80—96.
65. T. Stampfl and D. Lewis, "Essentials of Implosive Therapy", Journal of Abnormal Psychology (1967) 6:496—503.
66. A. Lowen, Bioenergetics (N.Y.: Coward, McCann & Geoghegan, 1975).
67. P. Olsen, Emotional Flooding, p. 77.
68. A. Janov, The Primal Scream (New York: G. P. Putnam, 1970).
69. J. P. Sartre, The Age of Reason (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1952), p. 144.
70. I. Yalom, Bloch, et al, "The Impact of a Weekend Group Experience on Individual Therapy", Archives of General Psychiatry (1977) 34:399—415.
71. D. Hamburg, oral communication, 1968.
72. F. Alexander and T. French, Psychoanalytic Theory: Principles and Applications (New York: Ronald Press, 1946).
73. F. Perls, The Gestalt Approach and Eye-Witness to Therapy (Palo Alto, Calif.: Science and Behavior Books, 1973), p. 63.
74. Ibid., pp. 63—64.
75. Ibid., p. 68.
76. Ibid., pp. 73—74.
77. Ibid., p. 78.
78. F. Perls, Gestalt Therapy Verbatim (Toronto, New York and London: Bantam Books, 1971), p. 1.
79. E. Polster and M. Polster, Gestalt Therapy Integrated (New York: Brunner Mazel, 1973), p. 229.
80. May, Love and Will, p. 216.
81. J. Bugental, "Intentionality and Ambivalence", in William James: Unfinished Business, ed. R. MacLeod (Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association, 1969), pp. 93—98.
82. Ibid.
83. M. Heidegger, Being and Time, trans. J. Macquarrie and E. Robinson (New York: Harper & Row, 1962), p. 158.
84. A. Camus, The Fall and Exile in the Kingdom (New York: Modern Library, 1965), p. 63.
85. S. Beckett, En Attendant Godot (Paris: Les Editions de Minuit, 1952); my translation.
86. W. James, Principles of Psychology (Greenwich, Conn.: Faweett, 1963), chap. 26, pp. 365—401.
87. R. Goulding, "New Directions in Transactional Analysis: Creating an Environment for Redecision and Change", in Progress in Group and Family Therapy, eds. C. Sager and H. Kaplan (New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1972), pp. 105—34.
88. J. Dusay and C. Steiner, "Transactional Analysis in Groups", in Comprehensive Group Therapy, eds. H. Kaplan and B. Sadock (Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1971), pp. 198—240.
89. Goulding, "New Directions", pp. 110—112.
90. E. Erikson, Childhood and Society, 2nd ed. (New York: W. W. Norton, 1963).
91. J. Gardner, Grendel (New York: Ballantine Books, 1971), p. 115.
92. F. Estees, oral communication, 197'/.
93. Heidegger, Being and Time, p. 310.
94. Wheelis, "Will and Psychoanalysis."
95. Encyclopedia of Philosophy, vol. I, p. 428.
96. E. Menaker, "Will and the Problem of Masochism", Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy (1969), 1:186—226.
97. B. Jones and H. Gerard, Foundations of Social Psychology (New York: John Wiley, 1967), pp. 186—226.
98. L. Festinger, A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance (Evanston, Ill.: Row, Peterson, 1957).
99. Jones and Gerard, Social Psychology, pp. 193—94.
100. L. Rhinehart. The Dice Man (New York: William Morrow, 1971).
101. J. Bugental, "Someone Needs to Worry: The Existential Anxiety of Responsibility and Decision", Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy (1967) 2:41—53.
102. R. White, "Motivation Reconsidered," The Psychological Review (1959) 66:297—
333.
103. K. Horney, Neurosis and Human Growth (New York: W. W. Norton, 1950).
104. Ibid., p. 17.
105. H. Greenwald, Decision Therapy (New York: Peter Wyden, 1973), p. 154.
106. Farber, Ways of the Will, p. 450.
107. Greenwald, Decision Therapy, p. 22.
108. Ibid., p. 38.
109. May, Love and Will, pp. 236—37.
110. J. Frank, "Emotional Reaction of American Soldiers to an Unfamiliar Disease", Archives of General Psychiatry (1967) 17:416—427.
111. M. Leiberman, I. Yalom, and M. Miles, Encounter Groups: First Facts (New York: Basic Books, 1973), pp. 365—67.
112. R. Nisbett and T. Wilson, "Telling More Than We Can Know: Verbal Reports on Mental Process", Psychological Reviews (1977) 84:231—58.
113. I. Yalom, Group Psychotherapy. pp. 440—45.
114. S. Freud, "Constructions in Analysis", vol. XXIII in Standard Edition (London: Hogarth Press, 1964; originally published in 1937), p. 259.
115. Ibid., 266.
116. Rank, Will Therapy, p. 44.
117. M. Gatch and M. Temerlin, "Belief in Psychic Determinism and the Behavior of the Psychotherapist", Review of Existential Psychology and Psychiatry, (1965) 5:16—35.
118. Rank, Will Therapy, p. 36.
119. E. Goffman, "The Moral Career of the Mental Patient", Psychiatry (1959) 22:123—42.
120. С. Rycroft, Psychoanalysis Observed (London: Constable, 1966), p. 18.
К главе 8
1. M. Heidegger, Being and Time, trans. J. Macquarrie and E. Robinson (New York: Harper & Row, 1962), p. 57.
2. S. Freud, "Inhibitions, Symptoms and Anxiety", vol. XX in Standard Edition (London: Hogarth Press, 1959; originally published in 1929), pp. 119—23.
3. P. Mullahy, Psychoanalysis and Interpersonal Psychiatry: The Contribution of Harry Stack Sullivan (New York: Science House, 1970), p. 137.
4. С. Rogers, "The Loneliness of Contemporary Man as Seen in the Case of Ellen West", in Review of Existential Psychology and Psychiatry (1961) 1:94—101.
5. I. Yalom, Theory and Practice of Group Psychotherapy, 2nd ed. (New York: Basic Books, 1975), p. 80.
6. Rogers, "Loneliness of Contemporary Man"; F. Fromm-Reichman, "Loneliness", Psychiatry (1959) 22:1 — 16; H. Leiderman, "Intervention", Psychiatry Clinics [1969) 6:155—74; E. Josephson and M. Josephson, Man Alone (New York: Dell Books, 1962); J. Rubins, "On the Psychopathology of Loneliness", American Journal of Psychoanalysis (1964) 24:153—65; D. Reisman, R. Denny, and N. Glaser, The Lonely Crowd (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1950); G. Moustakas, Loneliness (New York: Prentice-Hall, 1961); M. Wood, Paths of Loneliness (New York: Columbia University Press, 1953); A. Wenkert, "Regaining Identity through Relatedness", American Journal of Psychoanalysis (1961) 22:227—33; and W. Willig, "Discussion of A. Wenker paper", American Journal of Psychoanalysis (1961) 22:236—39.
7. T. Wolfe, Look Homeward, Angel (New York: Charles Scribner, 1929), p. 31.
8. Heidegger, Being and Time, p. 284.
9. M. Abrams et al., eds., Everyman, in The Norton Anthology of English Literature, vol. I (New York: W. W. Norton, 1962), pp. 281—303.
10. E. Fromm, The Art of Loving, (New York: Bantam Books, 1956), p. 7.
11. A. Camus, "La Mort dans l'ame", in L'Envers et l'endroit (Paris: Librairie Gallimard, 1937), pp. 87—88; passage translated by Marilyn Yalom.
12. R, Frost, "Desert Places," in Complete Poems of Robert Frost (New York: Henry Holt, 1949), p. 386.
13. K. Reinhardt, The Existential Revolt (New York: Frederick Ungar, 1952), p. 235.
14. Heidegger, Being and Time, p. 233.
15. Ibid., p. 393.
16. H. Drefuss, "Commentary on Being and Time", unpublished manuscript, 1977.
17. F. Nietzsche, cited in M. Heidegger, An Introduction to Metaphysics (New York: Anchor Books, 1961), p. 29.
18. L. Fierman, ed., Effective Psychotherapy: The Contributions of Helmuth Kaiser (New York: Free Press, 1965), p. 126.
19. E. Fromm, Escape From Freedom (New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1941), p. 29.
20. O. Rank, Will Therapy and Truth and Reality, trans. J. Taft (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1945), p. 123.
21. J. Bugental, The Search for Authenticity (New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1965), p. 309.
22. M. Buber, Between Man and Man (New York: Macmillan, 1965), p. II.
23. Ibid., p. 175.
24. M. Buber, I and Thou (New York: Charles Scribner, 1970), p. 69.
25. Ibid., pp. 76—79.
26. Buber, Between Man and Man, p. xx.
27. Buber, I and Thou. p. 54.
28. Ibid., p. 58.
29. Ibid., p. 62.
30. Buber, Between Man and Man, p. 22—23.
31. Ibid., p. 19.
32. Ibid., p. 23.
33. V. Frankl, "Encounter: The Concept and Its Vulgarization", Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis (1973) 1:73—83.
34. Buber, Between Man and Man, p. 19.
35. Ibid., pp. 13—14.
36. Buber, I and Thou, pp. 84—85.
37. Hillel, cited in Buber, I and Thou, p. 85 n.
38. M. Buber, Between Man and Man, pp. 1—2.
39. A. Maslow, Toward A Psychology of Being (New York: D. Van Nostrand, 1968), pp. 21—22.
40. Ibid., p. 35.
41. Ibid., p. 36.
42. Ibid., pp. 42—43.
43. E. Fromm, AArt of Loving (New York: Bantam Books, 1963).
44. Ibid., p. 7.
45. Ibid.. p. 15.
46. Ibid., p. 17.
47. Ibid., p. 34.
48. Ibid., p. 18.
49. E. Fromm, Man for Himself (New York: Faweett World Library, 1969), pp. 68—
122.
50. Fromm, Art of Loving, pp. 21—22.
51. Buber, I and Thou, p. 67.
52. Fromm, Art of Loving, p. 61.
53. Ibid., p. 39.
54. S. Kierkegaard, Fear and Trembling/The Sickness unto Death, trans. W. Low- rie (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Anchor, Г954), p. 177.
55. L. Carroll, cited in J. Solomon, "Alice and the Red King", International Journal of Psychoanalysis (1963) 44:64—73.
56. I. Yalom, Theory and Practice of Group Therapy (New York: Basic Books, 1975), pp. 440—45.
57. S. Arieti, "Psychotherapy of Severe Depression", American Journal of Psychiatry (1977) 134:864—68.
58. L. Fierman, ed., Effective Psychotherapy: The Contribution of Helmuth Kaiser, op. cit, p. 131.
59. Ibid., p. 110.
60. K. Bach, Exit-Existentialism (Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth, 1973), p. 28.
61. S. Kierkegaard, Fear and Trembling I The Sickness unto Death, p. 175.
62. Fierman, Effective Psychotherapy, p. 120.
63. Fromm, Escape from Freedom, p. 158.
64. S. Freud, The Psychopathology of Everyday Life, vol. VI in Standard Edition (London: Hogarth Press, 1960; originally published 1901), p. 158.
65. E. Greenspan, "Fantasies of Women Confronting Death", Journal of Consulting Psychology (1975) 29:252—60.
66. V. Soloviev, cited in E. Becker, Angel in Armor (New York: George Braziller, 1969), p. 5.
67. S. Kierkegaard, Either/Or, vol. 1., trans. D. Swanson and L. Swanson (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1944), pp. 297—443.
68. Buber, Between Man and Man, pp. 29—30.
69. M. Buber, The Knowledge of Man (New York: Harper Torchbook, 1965), p. 77.
70. A. Camus, A Happy Death (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1972), pp. 81—82.
К главе 9
1. В. Russell, The Autobiography of Bertrand Russell (London: Alien & Unwin, 1975), p. 209.
2. Ibid., p. 146.
3. I. Yalom, Theory and Practice of Group Psychotherapy (New York: Basic Books, 1975), pp. 78—83.
4. A. Whitehead, Religion in the Making (London: Cambridge University Press, 1962), p. 16.
5. E. Fromm, The Art Of Loving (New York: Bantam Books, 1963), p. 94.
6. Moustakas, Loneliness (New York: Prentice-Hall, 1961), p. 47.
7. A. Camus, cited in M. Charlesworth, The Existentialists and Jean-Paul Sartre (Brisbane, Australia: University of Queensland Press, 1975), p. 5.
8. R. Hobson, "Loneliness", Journal of Analytic Psychology (1974) 19:71—89.
9. R. Bollendorf, unpublished doctoral dissertation. Northern Illinois University, 1976.
10. O. Will, oral communication, child psychiatry grand rounds, Stanford University, Department of Psychiatry, 1978.
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14. S. Standal and R. Corsini, eds., Critical Incidents in Psychotherapy (Engle- wood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice Hall, 1959).
15. Ibid., p. 3.
16. Ibid., p. 41.
17. Ibid., p. 67.
18. Ibid., p. 90.
19. Ibid., p. 158.
20. Ibid., p. 178.
21. S. Freud, Studies on Hysteria, vol. II in Standard Edition (London: Hogarth Press, 1964, originally published in 1895).
22. M. Buber, The Knowledge of Man, trans. M. Friedman and R. Smith (New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1965), p. 81.
23. Ibid., p. 82.
24. I. Yalom and G. Elkin, Every Day Gets a Little Closer: A Twice-Told Therapy (New York: Basic Books, 1974).
25. H. Kaiser, Effective Psychotherapy: The Contribution of Hellmuth Kaiser, ed. L. Fierman (New York: Free Press, 1965), p. 152.
26. К. Fisher, "Ultimate Goals in. Therapy", Journal of Existentialism: The International Quarterly of Existential Thought (1967) 7:215—32.
27. M. Buber, The Knowledge of Man (New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1965), pp. 171—72.
28. С. Sequin, Love and Psychotherapy (New York: Libra, 1965), p. 113.
29. Ibid., p. 121.
30. M. Buber, Knowledge of Man. p. 82.
31. M. Buber, I and Thou. p. 179.
32. Sequin, Love and Psychotherapy p. 123.
33. M. Heidegger, Being and Time, (New York: Harper & Row, 1962), p. 158.
34. Buber, Knowledge of Man, pp. 166—84.
35. D. Rosenhan, "On Being Sane in Insane Places", Science (1973) 179:250—58.
36. S. Freud, Observations on Transference-Love, vol. XII in Standard Edition (London: Hogarth Press, 1958; originally published in 1915), p. 169.
37. Ibid., p. 165.
38. S. Ferenezi, cited in S. Foulkes, "A Memorandum on Group Therapy", British Military Memorandum, ADM, July 1945.
39. R. Greenson and M. Wexler, "The Non-Transference Relationship in the Psychoanalytic Situation", International Journal of Psychoanalysis (1969) 50:27—39.
40. A. Freud, "The Widening Scope of Indications for Psychoanalysis", discussion, Journal of American Psychoanalytic Association (1954) 2:607—20.
41. Greenson and Wexler, "Non-Transference Relationship".
42. Ibid.
43. M. Buber, I and Thou, pp. 84—85.
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1. Anonymous, cited in H. Cantril and C. Bumstead, Reflections on the Human Venture (New York: New York University Press, 1960), p. 308.
2. L. Tolstoy, My Confession, My Religion, The Gospel in Brief (New York: Charles Scribner, 1929), p. 12.
3. Ibid., p. 13.
4. Ibid., p. 14.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid., p. 20.
7. A. Camus, cited in A. Jaffe. The Myth of Meaning in the Work of C. J. Jung (London: Hodden &: Stoughton, 1970), title page.
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30. A. Camus, A Happy Death (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1972).
31. A. Camus, The Stranger (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1946).
32. A. Camus, Myth of Sisyphus, p. 90.
33. A. Camus, The Plague (New York: Modern Library, 1948).
34. J. P. Sartre, cited in R. Hepburn, "Questions about the Meaning of Life", Religious Studies (1965) 1:125—40.
35. J. P. Sartre, No Exit and Three Other Plays (New York: Vintage Books, 1955).
36. Ibid., p. 91.
37. Ibid., p. 92.
38. Ibid.
39. Ibid., p. 94.
40. Ibid., p. 94.
41. Ibid., p. 105.
42. Ibid., p. 108.
43. Ibid., p. 121 — 122.
44. Ibid., p. 123.
45. Ibid., p. 124.
46. G. Allport, cited in V. Franki, Will to Meaning, p. 66.
47. С. Jung, cited in Jaffe, Myth of Meaning, p. 146.
48. К. Jaspers, cited in Frankl, Will to Meaning, p. 38.
49. W. Durant, On the Meaning of Life (New York: Ray Long and Richard R. Smith, 1932), pp. 128—29.
50. Ibid., p. 129.
51. I. Taylor, cited in S. Maddi, "The Strenuousness of the Creative Life", in I.A.Taylor and J. W. Getzels, eds.. Perspectives in Creativity (Chicago: Aldine, 1975), pp. 173—90.
52. L. Beethoven, cited in M. Von Andics, Suicide and the Meaning of Life (London: William Hodge, 1947), p. 178.
53. A. Roe, "Changes in Scientific Activities with Age", Science (1965) 150:313—18.
54. M. Crosby, oral communication, 1979.
55. P. Koestenbaum, Is There an Answer to Death? (New York: Prentice-Hall, 1976), pp. 37—38.
56. J. Brennecke and R. Amick, The Struggle for Significance, 2nd ed. (Beverly Hills, Calif.: Clencoe Press, 1975), pp. 9—10.
57. A. Maslow, Toward a Psychology of Being (N.J.: Van Nostrand, 1962), p. 147.
58. M. Buber, "The Way of Man According to the Teachings of Hasidism", in Religion from Tolstoy to Camus, ed. W. Kaufman (New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1961), pp. 425—41.
59. Ibid., p. 437.
60. E. Erikson, Childhood and Society, 2nd ed. (New York: W. W. Norton, 1963), pp. 247—74.
61. G. Vaillant, Adaptation to Life (Boston: Little, Brown, 1977); R. Gould, "The Phases of Adult Life: A Study in Developmental Psychology", American Journal of Psychiatry (1972) 129:521—31; and D. Levinson, The Seasons of A Man's Life (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1978).
62. Erikson, Childhood, p. 267.
63. G. Vaillant, Adaptation, p. 228.
64. Ibid., p. 232.
65. Ibid., p. 343.
66. N. Haan and J. Block, cited in G. Vaillant, op. cit., p. 330.
67. V. Frankl, Man's Search for Meaning: An Introduction to Logotherapy (New York: Pocket Books, 1963).
68. V. Frankl, oral communication, 1971.
69. V. Frankl, Will to Meaning, p. 21.
70. V. Frankl, "Self-transcendence as a Human Phenomenon", Journal of Humanistic Psychology (1966) 6:97—107.
71. С. Buhler, "The Human Course of Life in Its Goal Aspects", Journal of Humanistic Psychology, (1964) 4:1—17.
72. G. Allport, Becoming: Basic Considerations for a Psychology of Personality (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1955).
73. V. Frankl, Man's Search, p. 166.
74. V. Frankl, "Self-transcendence".
75. W. Frankena, Ethics (New York: Prentice-Hall, 1973) p. 86.
76. A. Watts, The Meaning of Happiness (New York: Perennial Library, Harper & Row, 1940), p. vi.
77. V. Frankl, Man's Search for Meaning, p. 154.
78. A. Ungersma, The Search for Meaning (Philadelphia, Pa.: Westminister Press, 1961), pp. 27f.
79. V. Frankl, "Self-transcendence".
80. V. Frankl, Man's Search for Meaning, p. 155.
81. Ibid., p. 154.
82. V. Frankl, Will to Meaning, p. 70.
83. V. Frankl, cited in J. Fabry, The Pursuit of Meaning (Boston: Beacon Press, 1968), p. 40.
84. Ibid., p. 44.
85. V. Frankl, Will to Meaning, p. 21.
86. S. Bloch et al., "Outcome in Psychotherapy Evaluated by Independent Judges", British Journal of Psychiatry (1977) 131:410—14; and G. Bond, et al., "The Evaluation of the Target Problem' Approach to Outcome Measures" Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice (1979) 16(1): 48—54.
87. J. Gardner, doctoral dissertation. University of Chicago, 1977.
88. S. Freud, cited in Edwards, "Meaning and Value", p. 477.
89. V. Frankl, Will to Meaning, p. 84.
90. J. Crumbaugh. "Frankl's Logotherapy: A New Orientation in Counseling", Journal of Religion and Health (1971) 10:373—86.
91. Ing. Alois Habinger, cited in V. Frankl, "The Feeling of Meaninglessness: A Challenge to Psychotherapy", American Journal of Psychoanalysis (1972) 32:85—89.
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