Exercise 3. Read paragraphs 2-5. Divide the text into three parts copy out the dominant noun for each part and write down a title for each part.

UNIT 10.

Exercise 1. Read the text and be ready for a comprehension check-up.

The Jigsaw-puzzle (a set of irregularly cut pieces of wood or the like that form a picture or design when fitted together) fit of the coastlines on each side of the Atlantic Ocean must have been noticed as soon as the first reliable maps of the New World were prepared. It was as early as 1620 that Francis Bacon called attention to their striking resemblance. He did not go on, however, to suggest that the continents might once have formed a unified land mass. In the succeeding centuries suggestions to this effect were made, but they were far from being well grounded hypotheses, as it was mainly to some postulated catastrophe, such as the sinking of the mythical Atlantis or the Great Flood that the similarity of the coastlines was ascribed.

The hypothesis of the Continental Drift which is generally accepted nowadays was first presented to scientific community in 1912, but it was not until 50 years later that it gained general currency. When this view of the earth did replace earlier ideas (in the I960’s) it was only because of conclusive evidence derived from discoveries in geophysics and oceanography.

Exercise 2. Check up for comprehension.

1) Identify the dominant word group and follow it through its transformation into its equivalents. 2) What made it possible to notice the strange similarity of the coastlines on each side of the Atlantic Ocean? 3) What has been the basic idea underlying all the explanation of this similarity? 4) Why cannot we consider the earlier explanations to be well-grounded hypotheses? 5) What is the principal difference between the currently accepted hypothesis and the earlier ideas? 6) How long did it take the hypothesis of the Continental Drift to gain recognition?

UNIT 11.

Exercise 1. Read the text and be ready for a comprehension checkup.

MEET THE 21^st CENTURY WITHOUT FEAR

The main task today is to ensure peaceful, secure and happy life. Such are our expectations which we are hoping to see come true before the year 2.000. We would like to see the world free of these problems. All of them should be resolved in the outgoing century. We would like to see in the new century guaranteed basic human rights to work, health care, education, housing and old-age security.

The 21^st century might hold new prospects for us, it might direct our gaze beyond the limit of our terrestrial cares, paving the way to the distant stars and planets. Surely, preparations for the 21^st century should start today. And central to these must; be effort for peace. We won’t be able to accomplish much if we fail to preserve peace. When we talk of peace, the question of war does not arise.

Mankind should meet the third millennium under peaceful skies and space without the fear of nuclear, chemical or any other threat, of destruction and with a firm confidence in the survival of the human-race. In today’s world development, disarmament and peace are interlinked. Without peace there can be no development. Space is the common heritage of mankind and should be used for the benefit of all. A positive movement based on the philosophy of peace, coexistence, friendship with all and concern for our common humanity should be the main values of our life.

Exercise 2. Check up for comprehension.

1) What would you like to see in the 21^st century? 2) What prospects might the 21^st century hold for us? 3) How should we prepare for it?

UNIT 12.

Exercise 1. Read the text and be ready for a comprehension checkup.

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