The boundaries of the city are never the limits of urban society. The city needs its surrounding region for functions which are often considerable consumers of land, eg airports; for a variety of settlements for urban dwellers and for open air recreation.
Conversely, the region needs the city for its services (cultural, medical, retailing) and for jobs.
Too egotistical management of the city and the suburbs separately is causing:
- imbalances, eg costly urban services, theoretically available to all within the conurbation are mainly paid by the city - often poorer than the outlying suburban areas;
- low costs of development in suburban areas prevent the city from developing its own potential;
- the city consumes environmental resources of the surrounding region (energy and water) and returning waste and pollution.
A balanced development of the city with its surrounding region is required - reflected through regional planning, active collaboration between cities and local authorities within the surrounding region and joint decision-making. The result is the harnessing of respective potential for mutual benefit, avoidance of unnecessary mobility and more rational use of environmental resources.
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