Funding

THE UK INTELLIGENCE MACHINERY

The United Kingdom’s intelligence machinery comprises:

• the central intelligence machinery based in the Cabinet Office;

• the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS), often called MI6;

• Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ);

• the Security Service, often called MI5;

• the Defence Intelligence Staff (DIS), part of the Ministry of Defence (MOD); and

• the Joint Terrorism Analysis Centre (JTAC).

Other parts of Government also contribute to intelligence collection and/or analysis and assessment: for example, the Serious Organised Crime Agency (SOCA), Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs (HMRC) and Home Office.

Funding

The Agencies – SIS, the Security Service and GCHQ – are funded through the Single Intelligence Account (SIA). The SIA’s budget provision is decided by Ministers through the Spending Review mechanism which determines the budgets for Government departments. These arrangements are designed to enable Ministers to decide the amount to spend on security and intelligence, in line with decisions on the overall level and allocation of government spending. The Permanent Secretary, Intelligence, Security and Resilience is the Principal Accounting Officer for the SIA. The DIS and Cabinet Office central intelligence machinery are funded separately through their respective Departments. JTAC is funded on a joint basis. JTAC staff costs are paid for by their parent Department and Agencies, and JTAC receives additional funding (e.g. for travel) from the SIA through the Security Service.

In general in SIS work 2450 people, 600-700 of them are agent-holders.

Regional instability, terrorism, the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and illegal narcotics are among the major challenges of the 21st century. Currently 40% of SIS resources are used for countering terrorism. To meet these challenges effectively SIS must protect the secrets of its sources and methods. SIS contributes to the larger inter-departmental national intelligence community, where it works closely with the other two British intelligence and security agencies, Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) and the Security Service. MI5, MI6 and GCHQ are also known as crown Services.

Chief of SIS

SIS is headed by the Chief of SIS or 'C' (after the first Chief, Mansfield Cumming who signed himself ’C’). The Chief is the only serving member of the Service who is officially named in public. He is appointed by, and is accountable to, the Foreign Secretary. The Chief is responsible for the control of SIS's operations and for the efficiency of the Service. He has a duty to ensure that all SIS actions are consistent with its statutory functions. He makes an annual report on the work of SIS to the Prime Minister and the Foreign Secretary.

Regional Controllers’ Directorate. Consists of several regional-geographic divisions.

Ø The 1^st Division is The British Division. Conducts intelligence on the British territory. Its agents are usually foreigners that reside in GB for a long time (employees of foreign diplomatic missions, students, scientists, workers of airlines, sailors) and British nationals that often visit foreign countries and have a good informational access there. When conducting recruiting operations, members of this Department act under coverage of the British Council, mass media, interpreter and consulting bureaus, tourist associations, etc.

Ø The 2^nd Division is The European Division. Coordinates intelligence activities against the EU members. Its representatives act under diplomatic coverage in British embassies in Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and Switzerland. With a help of communications channels between this Division and the European CIA staff that is situated in Frankfurt on the Main SIS closely cooperates with NATO counties’ intelligence services. Notwithstanding this cooperation, this Division also conducts direct covert operations against its partners.

Ø The 3^rd Division is “the Russian orbit group”. Works against countries of The Eastern Europe, especially against CIS.

Ø The 5^th Division is the Middle East Division. Its residencies act in Israel, Syria, Turkey, Iran, Lebanon, Cyprus and other states.

Ø The 6^th Division is The Far East Division. The most part of this Directorate’s activity is concentrated in Japan, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines. To solve problems in this region secret services of the UK traditionally maintain close ties with appropriate structures in New Zealand and Australia. SIS tries to coordinate its actions with police and intelligence services of Indonesia, Malaysia and Japan.

Ø The 7^th Division is “The Latin Division”. It has been conducting intelligence in Argentina (especially during the Falkland crises), Uruguay, Salvador, Guatemala, Brazil, Chile, Peru, Mexico and Columbia. Actually, in 1982 a secret cooperation agreement of SIS with CIA, Chilean secret services and Mossad gave the UK a huge technical and strategic advantage over Argentina.

1. Human intelligence

Sources may be neutral, friendly, or hostile, and may or may not be witting of their involvement in the collection of information. "Witting" is a term of intelligence art that indicates that one is not only aware of a fact or piece of information, but also aware of its connection to intelligence activities. Examples of human intelligence sources include, but are not limited to, the following: diplomatic reporting of friendly accredited diplomats (e.g., military attachés); espionage (clandestine reporting, access agents, couriers); non-governmental organizations (NGOs); refugees; traveler debriefing.

2. Technical intelligence

This type of intelligence is gained with the help of technical equipment such as, for example, bugs, eavesdropping devices, satellites etc.

3. Surveillance

This source is rather important, because the object of intelligence is directly watched by the case officer, though one should be careful not to misunderstand the actions of the person observed.

4. Liaison offices

Nowadays about 55% of intelligence comes to Britain from liaison offices, mostly as the result of close cooperation between secret and security services in challenging worldwide threats to national and public security, especially international terrorism.

5. Overt sources of intelligence

Open source intelligence is form of intelligence collection management that involves finding, selecting, and acquiring information from publicly available sources and analyzing it to produce actionable intelligence, the term "open" refers to overt, publicly available sources (as opposed to covert or classified sources). Open source intelligence includes a wide variety of information and sources:

Дата добавления: 2015-10-02