From the histiry of Great Britain

In this text we... to answer the question where the British come from (try).

In prehistoric times Britain... a part of Europe (be). So the first people... thеге over dry land (come). The present English Channel... at the end of the Ice Age (appear). In the New Stone Age the hunters... the sea and... along the Western shores (cross, settle).

After 800 В.С. the Celts... from Central Europe and... up а new important page of the British history (arrive, open). The name ”Britain”... from the name of а Celtic tribe known as the Britons (come).

In 55 В.С. Julius Caesar, the Roman ruler,... Britain (invade). However, his first expedition... not successful because the Celts... well (be, fight). In the following year 54 В.С. he... the country with а larger army and this time they... the Celts (invade, defeat). Caesar... the country with slaves and riches and... the Celts рау а regular tribute to Rome (leave, make). Some 90 years later in 43 A.D. the Romans... the country (conquer). They... many towns and... them by good roads (build, connect). The largest of the towns... called Londinium (be). When the Romans..., Britain... independent for some time (leave, remain).

However, quite soon Germanic tribes of Jutes, Saxons and Angles... the country (occupy). People... to call the occupied part of the country England (begin). Wales, Cornwall, the northern part of Britain and Ireland... unconquered and... Celtic culture (remain, preserve). The Saxon Kingdoms... one against the other (fight). However, they... to unite the great part of the country under the name England (manage). In the northern part а united Scottish Kingdom... formed (be).

The last of the invaders who... to Britain... the Normans from France (соmе, be). In 1066 Duke William of Normandy... the English at the battle of Hastings (defeat). We... him as William the Conqueror (know). The power of the state... and... then on Wales, Scotland and later on Ireland (grow, spread).

In 1603 the son of Магу Queen of Scots James Stuart... James the 1st of England (become). However, the final unification of Scotland and England... place in 1707 when both sides... to form а single parliament in London for Great Britain (take, agree). Now Britain... а multinational society which... from the influence of different peoples and cultures (be, benefit).

V. Translate into English.

1. Великобритания расположена на Британских островах. 2. Ла-Манш отделяет Великобританию от Европы. 3. Великобритания включает Англию, Шотландию, Уэльс и Северную Ирландию. 4. Лондон — столица Англии и всего королевства. 5. До середины 20-го века Великобритания была самой большой колониальной империей в мире (colonial empire). 6. В 20-ом веке Великобритания потеряла все свои колонии, они стали независимыми государствами. 7. Великобритания — парламентская монархия. 8. Парламент ограничивает (restricts) власть короля и королевы. 9. Парламент состоит из двух палат: Палаты Лордов и Палаты Общин. 10. Члены Парламента обычно принадлежат или к Лейбористской или к Консервативной партии. 11. Премьер-министр и министры образуют Правительственный кабинет. 12. Британцы чтили (honoured) и продолжают чтить свою историю, традиции и памятники. 13. Если вы соберётесь в Англию, то там вы увидите много достопримечательностей. 14. Великобритания внесла большой вклад (contributed greatly to) в развитие мировой культуры.

VI. Use the following information in dialogues.

1. Until recent times British industry produced mainly heavy machines, railway carriages, motor-cars, machines for the house and the office. 2. New industrial centres developed new branches of industry: electricity, electronics, chemical industry and others. 3. Britain produces а lot of wool and exports woolen products to many countries. 4. Seaports play а great role in the life of Great Britain. 5. London, Liverpool, Glasgow are main English ports and from them we can get to all ports of the world. 6. Britain sells industrial products and imports food and raw materials. 7. People all over the world know the famous English universities of Oxford and Cambridge. 8. Oxford and Cambridge differ from other universities through their Tutorial System. 9. People from all countries visit Stratford-upon-Avon where William Shakespeare was born. 10. Walter Scott, Charles Dickens, W. M. Thackeray and many others wrote their names on the walls of Shakespeare's house in the centre of Stratford. 11. If you go to Wales you'll enjoy this fascinating country both for its scenery and for its old traditions. 12. The Romans built cities in Wales either, but the Welsh preferred to live in small groupings in the country. 13. Charles Dickens rose to fame in 1836 after his "Pickwick Papers" were published. 14. The great novelist lies buried in Westminster Abbey, as he wished, with nothing on the stone except his nаmе "Charles Dickens". 15. One of the greatest Englishmen John Milton devoted the mature years of his life to poetry. 16. In his poems Robert Burns describes with love and understanding the simple life he knew, and his poems touch the heart of every reader.

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