Components of hardware

Задания к зачету для студентов 2 курса

специальности 230111 «Компьютерные сети»

по дисциплине «Иностранный язык» (английский)

1. Прочитать и выполнить перевод на русский язык специальных текстов.

2. Выписать из каждого текста как минимум 20 терминов и выучить их.

3. Составить 5-7 вопросов к каждому тексту (желательно различных типов).

Text 1. HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

1. INTRODUCTION: A computer system consists of hardware, the physical unit (parts) of the computer that are capable of computing and manipulating information and software (set of instructions or programs) that carries out predefined tasks to complete a given job. The computer performs operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division only when the user instructs it to

do so. The user issues instructions and the CPU acts in accordance with the instructions. The sets of instructions, which control the sequence of operations, are known as programs, and collectively programs are called software.

We can equate hardware and software with human body and human intelligence, respectively. All human physical actions such as walking and eating are based on the thoughts and feelings, which is raised by the brain. If the brain does not raise thoughts and feelings, we do not perform any physical activity. Similarly, the actions and functioning of every hardware equipment is driven by software. The combination of physical equipment (hardware) and logical

instructions (software) gives modern computing system their power and versatility.

COMPONENTS OF HARDWARE

I. Input unit: This unit accepts instructions and data.

II. Output unit: This unit communicates the results to the user.

III. Storage unit: This unit stores temporary and final results.

IV. Central Processing Unit (CPU): This unit performs processing of instructions and data

inside the computer.

The CPU has three components:

a) The Control Unit

b) The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

c) The Memory Unit.

a) Control Unit:

It controls the overall operation of the computer system. It is considered as the heart of

the computer system. It controls all the other units, directs them to operate in a proper way and

co-ordinates various operations performed.

It instructs the input device to transfer the data and instructions to the main memory and

then to the arithmetic and logic unit (ALU). Then, it sends the processed result from ALU to the

memory unit for storage and transfers it to the visual display unit or to the ' printer.

The control unit coordinates the various parts of the computer system - the arithmetic

logic unit, the memory unit and the peripheral units. Besides, it controls the flow of data into,

from and within the main storage as per the program instructions.

To perform its control operations effectively and quickly, the control unit has four basic

components. They are

(a) Instruction Register

(b) Decoder

(c) Address Register and

(d) Instruction Counter

The instruction register receives one by one the instructions to be executed in the required

sequence. Then, the operation code of the instructions is transferred to decoder, which decodes

the operation code. And it activates the appropriate circuits of the arithmetic and logic unit to

perform the operation. The address register enables the data in the location specified in the

instruction to be transferred to a specified accumulator for the arithmetic and logic unit.

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