Words for translation. to serve v ___ служить

to serve v _______________ служить

to happen v _______________ случаться

electric arc _______________ электрическая дуга

gas discharge _______________ разряд газа

like a candle _______________ подобно свече

incandescent lamp _______________ лампочка накаливания

filament n _______________ нить накаливания

a “cold” daylight lamp _______________ холодная лампа дневного света

on the average _______________ в среднем

tungsten _______________ вольфрам

Electricity is the power that made possible the engineering progress of today. When we look around us, we can find this power which is serving us in some way.

Probably, the most important use of electricity in the modern home is producing light. But we seldom think of what is happening to make it possible.

Do you know that the first man-made electric light illuminated the laboratory of the St Petersburg physicist Vasily Petrov in1802? He discovered the electric arc, a form of gas discharge. But in Petrov’s experiments the arc flame lasted for only a short time.

In 1876 Pavel Jablochkov invented an arc that burned like a candle for a long time and it was called “Jablochkov’s candle”. The source of light which was invented by Jablochkov won world-wide recognition.

At the same time some engineers were trying to develop an incandescent lamp. A young Russian engineer Alexander Lodygin made the first successful incandescent lamp. The famous American inventor Thomas Edison improved the lamp. He used a carbon filament. But Lodygin made another important improvement in the incandescent lamp: he invented a lamp with a tungsten filament, the lamp we use today.

Another electric light we use today is the light of the luminescent lamp – a “cold daylight lamp. Artificial daylight lamp are much cheaper that incandescent lamps and

last much longer. This is the lighting of the future.

The uses of electricity in the home do not end with lighting. There are more and more electric devices helping us in our home work.

Besides, electricity is the most important source of energy in industry as well. A worker in a modern plant uses on the average in the machines which he operates over 10 000 kilowatt – hours of electrical energy a year. This means that he uses enough electrical energy to supply seven or eight modern homes during a year.

Automation is one of the main factors of technical progress and automation is impossible without electricity.

We do not imagine our life without telephone, telegraph and radio communi-cations. Electricity gives them life. In recent years electricity made a great contribution to radio communication between the space-ships and also between the astronauts and the earth.

Modern research laboratory does not exist without the aid of electricity. Nearly all measuring devices which are used in nuclear power are operated with the aid of electricity as well.

Дата добавления: 2015-10-24