Past Perfect tense

Past Perfect употребляется для выражения:

Прошедшего действия, совершившегося до определенного момента в прошлом, который определяется обстоятельствами времени (by 2 o'clock, by that time), другим более поздним прошедшим временем или контекстом.

Мы используем Past Perfect для того, чтобы показать:

1. что действие было завершено до определенного момента в прошлом:

I had written a letter by two o'clock.(К 2 часам книга уже была прочитана)

2. что одно действие было завершено перед другим действием в прошлом:

She had already left when I came. (У нас есть действие в прошлом - when I came и действие которое произошло еще раньше - She had already gone, которое и выражается Past Perfect)

I didn't know what I should write. I had never written letters before.

HAD + V3

	Subject	Auxiliary Verb	-	Main Verb	-
+	I	had	-	stamped	your letter, and then sent it for you.
We	had	-	read	the books form the library, and returned them last week.
She	had	-	played	outside for an hour.
-	I	had	not	lived	in New York, before, I moved to Paris.
You	had	not	studied	very much, that is why you failed your test.
He	had	not	eaten	all day, so when he got home was hungry.
?	Had	the dog		gone	to the vet. He was very sick for last week.
Had	you		called	your teacher. She left you a message a few days ago.
Had	she		cleaned	the house yesterday, because we had a party.

Exercise 1: Open the brackets and give the proper forms of the Past Simple or Past Perfect.

1. Tom (to return) from the cinema at five o'clock. 2. Tom (to return) from the cinema by five o'clock. 3. I (to finish) my homework at seven o'clock. 4. I (to finish) my homework by seven o'clock. 5. He (to think) that he (to lose) the money. 6. Ann (to tell) me that she (to see) an interesting film. 7. When I (to come) home, mother already (to cook) dinner. 8. When father (to return) from work, we already (to do) our homework. 9. When the teacher (to enter) the classroom, the pupils already (to open) their books. 10. Kate (to give) me the book which she (to buy) the day before. 11. Nick (to show) the teacher the picture which he (to draw). 12. The boy (to give) the goats the grass which he (to bring) from the field. 13. Mother (to see) that Nick (not to wash) his hands. 14. The teacher (to understand) that Lena (not to do) her homework. 15. I (to know) that my friend (not yet to come). 16. When I (to wake) up yesterday, father already (to go) to work. 17. Nick (to think) that his father (not yet to come) home 18. Mary (to tell) us that she (to cook) a good dinner. 19. Yesterday I (to find) the book which I (to lose) in summer. 20. When we (to come) to the station, the train already (to leave).

Exercise 2: Open the brackets and give the proper forms of the verbs.

1. She (talk) about the party she (arrange) for the children who (attend) her Sunday-school classes. 2. Emma suspected he (arrive) at the truth years ago3. Jack and Amelia were the only family she ever (have). 4. She got dressed in the cotton shorts and top she (wear) the day before. 5. Mari glanced over at the clock. It (be) nearly nine. She recently (learn) to tell the time. 6. Her words had touched the core of me, and I realized with a small shock how badly I (behave), I (think) only of myself. 7. They (be) truly good friends again, closer that they ever (be). 8. It was lovely to hear her laugh again. He not (hear) her laugh in years. 9. The police cordoned off the street where the bomb (go off). 10. The suspect refused that he (assault) a policeman. 11. The prisoner (spend) almost a month digging a tunnel before the guards (discover) it. 12. He said he (be) awfully sorry for the things he (do). 13. She seated herself in the chair Bill (pull) out for her. 14. The tense, worried expression he invariably wore, (disappear). Now it (be) smooth, free of pain and concern. 15. Roger guessed that she just (make) a dreadful slip of the tongue. 16. Before the mid-nineteenth century, no dentist (use) anesthesia.

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