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LESSON 1
2. Topic: “On Learning English”
1. Что говорят при встрече и прощании:
| Good morning (afternoon, evening)! | Доброе утро (день, вечер)! |
| Hello (Hi)! | Привет! |
| Nice (glad) to see you. | Приятно (рад) видеть вас. |
| How are you? | Как вы себя чувствуете? |
| How’s life? | Как жизнь? |
| How are you getting on? | Как вы поживаете? |
| Fine, thanks. | Хорошо, спасибо. |
| Not too (so) bad. | Неплохо. |
| Can’t complain. | Не могу пожаловаться. |
| So so. | Так себе. |
| Pretty bad. | Очень плохо. |
| Could be better. | Могло бы быть лучше. |
| Let’s go somewhere together. | Давай сходим куда-нибудь вместе. |
| I don’t mind, but now I am in a hurry. | Я не возражаю, но сейчас я тороплюсь. |
| Good – bye! | До свидания! |
| Bye – bye! | Пока! |
| So long! | Пока, до встречи! |
| See you soon! | Пока, до скорой встречи! |
| I hope we’ll meet soon. | Я надеюсь, мы скоро увидимся. |
| Good luck to you. | Удачи вам. |
| I wish you success. | Я желаю вам успехов. |
| All the best. | Всего хорошего. |
| The same to you. | Того же и тебе. |
| Please, remember me to … | Пожалуйста, передай привет… |
| Have a nice holiday (journey). | Хорошего вам отдыха (поездки). |
| Call me some time. | Позвони мне как-нибудь. |
***
-Hello, Mike! Nice to see you.
-Hello, Sam! How are you?
-I’m fine, thanks. And how are you?
-Thank you. Not so bad. Can’t complain.
-Let’s go somewhere together.
-I don’t mind, but now I am in a hurry. Call me some time. So long. I wish you success.
-The same to you. Remember me to your sister. I hope we’ll meet soon.
2. Как поздравить, сделать комплимент:
| I congratulate you on your excellent results. | Я поздравляю тебя с отличными результатами. |
| My congratulations. | Мои поздравления. |
| Happy birthday. | С днем рождения. |
| Happy Christmas! | С Рождеством! Веселого Рождества! |
| I wish you success (good health, luck). | Я желаю вам успехов (хорошего здоровья, удачи). |
| You look wonderful (lovely) today. | Вы выглядите чудесно (замечательно) сегодня. |
| You were great. | Вы были великолепны. |
| Good for you. | Молодец. |
| Well done. | Отлично сработано. |
***
- Hi, David! How are you getting on?
- Fine, thanks.
- You were great at the conference yesterday. My congratulations on your excellent results!
- Thanks a lot. It was nice to meet you. Let’s keep in touch.
- Have a nice weekend! Bye!
- Good luck to you. See you later.
3. Как подбодрить, посочувствовать, предложить свою помощь:
| Don’t worry. | Не волнуйтесь. |
| Everything will be alright. | Все будет хорошо. |
| Relax. | Расслабьтесь. |
| Take it easy. | Воспринимайте это легко. |
| Don’t take it to heart. | Не принимайте это близко к сердцу. |
| Let’s hope for the best. | Давайте надеяться на лучшее. |
| Things happen. | Всякое бывает. |
| Let me help you. | Позвольте мне помочь вам. |
| Let me do it. | Позвольте мне сделать это. |
| What can I do for you? | Что я могу сделать для вас? |
| Give it to me. | Оставьте это мне. |
| Can I help you? | Могу я помочь тебе? |
| Good luck. | Удачи вам. |
***
- What’s about your exams results?
- Don’t know yet. I hope that everything will be alright. But I am a little bit nervous about it.
- Don’t worry and relax. Let’s hope for the best.
- Thanks. We’ll wait and see.
***
- Hello, Jim! Glad to see you. How’s life?
- Hello, Jane! Glad to see you too. I’m fine, thanks. And what about you?
- Could be better!
- What’s about your exams results?
- Don’t know yet. I hope that everything will be alright. But I am a little bit nervous about it.
- Don’t worry and relax. Let’s hope for the best.
- Thanks. We’ll wait and see.
- And you were great at the conference yesterday. My congratulations on your excellent results!
- Thanks a lot. Let’s go somewhere together.
- I don’t mind, but now I’m in a hurry. It was nice to meet you. Have a nice weekend.
- The same to you. Remember me to your sister.
- O.K. Call me some time. See you soon!
- All the best. Bye!
4. Как поблагодарить, ответить на благодарность:
| Thanks a lot. | Спасибо большое. |
| Thank you very much. | Спасибо вам большое. |
| A thousands thanks. | Тысячу благодарностей. |
| I would like to thank you. | Мне бы хотелось поблагодарить вас. |
| Thank you for… | Спасибо за… |
| My gratitude cannot be expressed in words. | Моя благодарность не может быть выражена в словах. |
| I don’t know how to thank you. | Я не знаю, как поблагодарить вас. |
| Don’t mention it. | Не стоит упоминать об этом. |
| Not at all. | Не стоит благодарностей. |
| You are welcome. | Всегда пожалуйста. |
| It’s O.K. | Все хорошо. |
| That’s all right. | Все хорошо. |
***
- I’d like to invite you to our party.
- A thousand thanks. At what time?
- Does 7 o’clock suit you?
- Fine. Thanks for inviting me…
- You are welcome!
***
- Good morning, Tom! How are you getting on?
- Good morning, Jane! Not too bad. Can’t complain.
- You were great at the exam yesterday. My congratulations on your excellent results!
- Thank you very much. And what about your exam results?
- Don’t know yet.
- Don’t worry and relax. Don’t take it to heart. I’d like to invite you to our party.
- Thank you for inviting me. At what time?
- Does 8 o’clock suit you?
- O.K.! Can I help you?
- Give it to me. See you soon. Bye for now!
5. Как извиниться, как ответить на извинение:
| Sorry. | Извините. |
| Excuse me. | Извините меня. |
| I beg your pardon. | Я прошу прощения. |
| Forgive me please. | Простите меня, пожалуйста. |
| Excuse my interrupting you. | Извините, что перебиваю вас. |
| Sorry for being late. | Извините, что опоздал. |
| It’s O.K. | Все хорошо. |
| Don’t worry. | Не волнуйтесь. |
| Forget it. | Забудьте это. |
| Never mind. | Ничего страшного. |
***
- I’m terribly sorry I’m late. It was very difficult to find your office.
- That’s quite all right. Sit down. Please. Perhaps now I could start asking you questions… Why do you want to leave your present job and join us?
- I don’t feel my qualifications are being properly used and what does the job of general assistant in your office involve? What…
- Excuse my interrupting you, but you may read all about this job in this leaflet.
***
- Oh, David! I’m terribly sorry. I’m late.
- Hi, Kate! That’s all right! Glad to see you!
- Nice to see you too. What about your exam results?
- Don’t know yet. But I’m a little bit nervous about…
- Excuse my interrupting you. Don’t worry. Everything will be all right!
- We’ll wait and see. Let’s go somewhere together.
- I don’t mind.
6. Как выразить согласие/несогласие с мнением собеседника:
| Of course (not). | Конечно (нет). |
| Certainly (not). | Конечно (нет). |
| All right (I am afraid not). | Да (Боюсь, что нет). |
| I (don’t) agree with you. | Я (не) согласен с вами. |
| I don’t mind (I’d rather not). | Я не возражаю (Я против). |
| You are (not) right. | Вы (не) правы. |
| It’s a go (No go)! | Пойдет! (Не пойдет!) |
| I am all for it (I am against it). | Я полностью «за» (Я против этого). |
| I (don’t) think so. | Я так (не) думаю. |
| Naturally (Hardly). | Конечно (Вряд ли). |
| Far from it. | Далеко от этого. |
| You are welcome. | Всегда пожалуйста. |
| You are mistaken. | Вы ошибаетесь. |
| It’s a great idea! | Это замечательная идея! |
| It goes without saying. | Безусловно. |
| I wish I could. | Если бы я мог. |
***
- Are you going to visit your grandmother?
- Of course. It goes without saying.
- Could you help her? Some trees in her garden need cutting.
- I am afraid not. I have no time. I’ll do it next time.
- And could you do me a lift?
- Naturally. You are welcome!
***
- Good afternoon, Richard! How are you?
- Good afternoon, James! Fine, thanks. And how are you getting on?
- Not too bad. But I don’t know yet my exam results and…
- Sorry for interrupting you… But you were great at the exam. Well done! Everything will be all right!
- Nothing of the kind. (Ничего подобного). You are mistaken. It was pretty bad.
- I don’t agree with you. Don’t worry. Let’s hope for the best.
7. Как выразить восторг, удивление:
| Great! | Грандиозно! |
| Terrific! | Потрясающе! |
| Grand! | Здорово! |
| That’s fine! | Это прекрасно! |
| Fantastic! | Фантастика! |
| How wonderful! | Как чудесно! |
| Really? Is that really so? | Неужели? Неужели это так? |
***
- What’s the matter? You look so happy.
- I’ve won a four-week cruise for two.
- You don’t say so. That is surprise.
- Just fancy! I’ve sent the answers to some questions to the travelling agency two months ago. And it is the prize for my correct answers.
- Fantastic. My congratulations!
***
- Hi! You look so happy.
- Hi! I’ve won the first prize at the conference!
- Is that really so? That’s surprise! My congratulations on your excellent results!
- Thanks! I’d like to invite you to our party. Does 6 o’clock suit you?
- It’s O.K. Are you going to invite your friends?
- Of course. It goes without saying.
- And could you do me a lift now?
- Sorry. I’m afraid not. I’m in a hurry now.
- No need to be sorry. We’ll meet soon.
- See you soon.
8. Как выразить сомнение, предостережение, совет, предложение:
| I don’t know. | Я не знаю. |
| If I am not mistaken. | Если я не ошибаюсь. |
| As far as I remember. | Насколько я помню. |
| It seems to me. | Мне кажется. |
| I can’t answer right now. | Я не могу ответить прямо сейчас. |
| I wish I knew. | Если бы я знал. |
| It’s hard to say. | Трудно сказать. |
| I am not sure of it. | Я не уверен в этом. |
| Don’t take chances. | Не рискуй. |
| Come on, stop it. | Перестань, прекрати. |
| You’ll wait and see. | Поживем – увидим. |
| Mark my words. | Помяни мои слова. |
| The sooner … the better. | Чем быстрей…тем лучше. |
| Hurry up! | Поторапливайся! |
| Don’t be long! | Не задерживайся! |
***
- Hi! What’s the matter with you?
- I can’t find my wallet. Maybe I’ve lost it.
- As far as I remember it was a black one. It seems to me that you left it in the last shop.
- I doubt it. I am not sure of it.
- Don’t jump to conclusions. Go back and make it clear.
- All right!
***
- Hello, Bob! How’s life?
- Hello, Ted! So so. I’m nervous about my test results. They could be pretty bad!
- Come on, stop it. Don’t jump to conclusions. It seems to me everything will be all right.
- I doubt it.
- You are not right. Mark my words! We’ll wait and see.
- The sooner…the better… And are you going to visit your cousin?
- It goes without saying. Let’s go together.
- I wish I could. I am in a hurry now. Remember me to your cousin. Have a nice holiday.
- Bye! See you soon.
9. Как спросить, попросить о чем-нибудь и как ответить:
| May I ask a question? – Yes, you may. | Можно задать вопрос? – Да. |
| Would you be so kind as to… | Не могли бы вы быть так любезны… |
| Could you tell me about… | Не могли бы вы рассказать мне о… |
| I’d like to ask you a question. | Мне бы хотелось задать вам вопрос. |
| Say again, please. | Скажите еще раз, пожалуйста. |
| What do you mean? | Что вы имеете ввиду? |
| To my mind… In my opinion… | По – моему мнению… |
| To tell the truth… | По правде говоря… |
***
- Would you be so kind as to tell me about your job?
- What do you mean? I haven’t quite got you.
- I’d like to ask you about all likes and dislikes of your job, because I want to join your company.
- To tell the truth I am going to leave this company soon. In my opinion I could find a better place to work.
10. Как говорят по телефону:
-Hello! May I speak to Jane, please? (Алло! Можно поговорить с Джейн?)
-Hold up a moment, please. (Подождите минуточку, пожалуйста.)
-Is this Jane? Hi, Jane. This is Ann calling. (Это Джейн? Привет, Джейн. Это Анна.)
- I can hardly hear you. There’s some noise. And your voice is fading from time to time. Could you speak louder, please? Or…It’s better… Call me up once again, please. (Я едва слышу тебя. Какой – то шум. И твой голос пропадает время от времени. Не могла бы ты говорить громче, пожалуйста? Или…Лучше…Перезвони мне еще раз, пожалуйста.)
-Are you there? (Ты слышишь меня?)
-Now I hear you alright! (Сейчас я слышу тебя хорошо.)
***
-Good afternoon. This is Boris. I’d like to speak to John.
-John is out at the moment. Any message?
-I’ll call back later (Ask him to call me up. My telephone number is…)
-O.K.
Topic: “ On Learning English “
Vocabulary:
to practice — практиковать, упражняться, тренироваться
to arise — возникать, появляться
instantly — мгновенно
to acquire — приобретать
to require — требовать
pattern — образец, система, структура, модель
to afford — позволить себе
to waste — терять, тратить зря, попусту (например - время)
Learning English is like learning to swim or learning to play ball. We learn to swim by swimming, to play ball by playing ball, and to speak English by speaking English.
A good ball-player spends hours, days, months, and even years practising. The more he practices, the better he plays. He has to learn to meet the situations of the game as they arise and react to them immediately. And so it is when we are talking.
The ideas we wish to express come instantly to our mind, but there is no time for us to stop and think of how to put together the words we need. Acquiring the ability to use a language automatically, that is without stopping to think, is a process of habit formation. Forming a habit, any kind of habit, requires much practice.
Every language has patterns that are fundamental. Every language has a body of common words used by all the speakers of that language and thousands of other words that are used less frequently. We can understand and read many words and structures that we cannot use in speaking and writing. Every language has many ways of saying the same things. If you wish to ask the time, you say: "What time is it?", "Do you have the time?", "What time have you got?", "Will you tell me the time?", etc.
Learning English efficiently requires that you put your mind on what you are doing and have the intention and the will to learn. The time you have is so short that you cannot afford to waste it by giving less than your full co-operation in class and in home study. In other words, you have to build up language habits in English just as you build up language habits in your mother tongue.
Good luck to you then, in your learning of English! It's up to you. Nobody can learn to swim for you. Nobody can learn English for you. You learn for yourself, and you will master the language if you really want to. Language is not to be taught, language is to be learnt.
Questions:
1. What does the author mean saying that learning English is like learning to swim?
2. Do you have any opportunity to speak English?
3. Which do you like better: to read English or to speak English?
4. What does it mean: "to acquire the ability to use a language automatically "?
5. What does it mean: "the process of habit formation"?
6. What does the author mean saying that "language is not to be taught, language is to be learnt"?
7. Name the paragraphs for which the following sentences can be used as titles:
a) two groups of words are present in every language;
b) learning a foreign language is an endless process.
Фонетика английского языка
Фонетика (phonetics) - категория языкознания, изучающая звуковой строй языка (звуки английского языка). Звуки бывают гласными (при их произнесении для потока воздуха не создается препятствий; воздушное давление практически отсутствует)и согласными (происходит сужение голосового тракта, воздушный поток полностью или частично блокируется, преодолевает препятствие, изменяя своё направление).
Фонетическая транскрипция (phonetic notation) - графическая запись звучания слова, где каждому звуку английского языка соответствует определённый знак. Фонетическая транскрипция передает все тонкости произношения слова, показывает долготу, главное и второстепенное ударения.
phonetic [fəˈnetɪk]
Фонетическая транслитерация (phonetic transliteration) - передача произношения слова одной письменности при помощи букв другой письменности; написание слов одного языка буквами другого языка.
phonetic [фэнэ́тик]
Обозначения: ː - долгота звука, ˈ - основное ударение, ˌ - второстепенное ударение. Символ ударения в английском языке, в отличие от русского, указывается не над ударной буквой/звуком, а перед ударным слогом. Звуки транскрипции и транслитерации указываются в квадратных скобках [] или между двумя косыми чертами // (в рамках сайта engl используется первый вариант). Звуки, указанные в круглых скобках () не произносятся в стандартизированном (Королевском) британском английском, но произносятся в американском. Звук [r], помещенный в круглые скобки в конце слова, например в слове father [ˈfɑːðə(r)], обычно произносится, если следующее слово начинается с гласного звука.
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