Language focus. III. Insert the words from the list:

III. Insert the words from the list:

cables, speed, anchorages repair, waterways, impractical, intermediate-length, variation, lower cost, replacement, traffic costly, frame, spans

1. Cable-stayed bridges represent a... of the suspension bridge.

2. A cable- stayed bridges is constructed in much the same way as a suspension bridge is, but without the main ….

3. Cable-stayed designs are used for … spans.

4. Advantages the cable-stayed bridge has over a standard suspension bridge include a … construction and … since … are not necessary.

5. There are no massive cables, as with suspension bridges, making cable … or …simpler.

6. Movable bridges are usually found over heavily traveled ….

7. A vertical-lift bridge consists of a rigid … held between two tall towers.

8. Moveable bridges are generally constructed over waterways where it is either … or too … to build bridges with high enough clearances for water … to pass underneath.

9. Vertical-lift bridges are useful for longer …, but they must be built so they can be lifted high enough for tall ships to pass underneath.

IV. Fill the correct preposition:

to hang … sth, to be connected … sth, to be linked … sth, to extend … sth, the top … sth, to be attached … sth … sth, to be mounted … sth

V. Fill in the gaps with a suitable derivations of the word given on the right:

Cable-stayed bridges offer a … of possibilities to the designer regarding the … arrangement of the cables. Early examples used just two cables fastened at … the same point high on the tower and fanning out to support the deck at … separated points. By contrast in the Oberkasseler Bridge the four cables were placed in a parallel …. The Bonn-Nord Bridge was the first to use a large number of … cables instead of relatively few but … ones. The … advantage being that, with more cables a thinner deck might be used. Such multicable arrangements … became quite common. The Pasco-Kennewick Bridge in Washington state was designed in … with the German firm. Its cost was not significantly… from those of other … with more … design.

vary geometry near wide arrange thin heavy, technique subsequent collaborate differ, propose, convection

VI. Read the passage and answer the question: How has the classical drawbridge been improved?

The drawbridge or bascule, originally used for protection against intruders, has been turned into a means for allowing the passage of water traffic. The classic drawbridge, in which the bridge leaf is hoisted by rope or chain, has been improved by the development of pears and counterweights. Design variations include leaves that roll back on tracks, bridges whose entire span is lifted vertically by cables run over tall towers to counterweights and bridges that swing on a central turntable.

Дата добавления: 2015-08-27