I.Read the text. Macintosh, commonly nicknamed Mac, is a brand name which covers several lines of personal computers designed

MACINTOSH (APPLE)

Macintosh, commonly nicknamed Mac, is a brand name which covers several lines of personal computers designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc. It was the first commercially successful personal computer to feature a mouse and a graphical user interface (GUI) rather than a command line interface. Most of the Mac OS code is in the ROM chips. These contain hundreds of routines (sequence of instructions) which perform such tasks as starting up the computer, transferring data from disks to peripherals and controlling the RAM space. The system file is loaded automatically at start-up, and contains information which modifies the routines of the OS in the ROM chips. The Finder displays the Macintosh desktop and enables the user to work with disks, programs and files. It allows multitasking. It has a Internet set-up assistant, an e-mail program and Web browser.

OS\2 Warp (IBM)

This is the most technically sophisticated operating system. It provides true multitasking, allowing the program to be divided into ‘threads’, many of which can be run at the same time. The IBM OS/2 Warp includes easy access to networks via modem, support for java applications and voice recognition technology.

UNIX

The operating system designed by Bell laboratories in the USA for minicomputers, has been widely adopted for many corporate installations.

From the very first, it was designed to be a multitasking system. It is written in C language.

It has become an operating environment for software development, available for any type of machine from IBM to Macs to Cray supercomputers. UNIX is the most commonly used system for advance CAD programs.

LINUX

Linux is used as a highly value, fully-functional UNIX – workstation for applications ranging from Internet servers to reliable work group computing. Linux is available for Intel, Alfa and Sun SPARC platforms.

OPEN VMS

The Open VMS operating system is Digital’s popular general purpose OS for all VAX computers. It provides data and access security. Open VMS supports all types of Digital and multivendor networks.

JAVA OS

This is designed to execute Java programs on Web-based PCs. It is written in Java, a programming language that allows Web pages to display animation, play music, etc. The central component of Java OS is known as Java Virtual Machine.

II.Reading exercises:

Exercise1. Read and memorize using the dictionary:

command line interface, RAM space, is loaded automatically, Finder, Web browser, access to, voice recognition, workstation, multivendor networks

Exercise 2. Answer the questions:

1. What brand name which covers several lines of personal computers designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc?

2. What kind of interface did Macintosh use?

3. What OS allows the program to be divided into ‘threads’, many of which can be run at the same time?

4.What language was used to write UNIX?

Exercise 3. Match the left part with the right:

1. CAD	a. modulator-demodulator
2 IBM	b. hard disc drive
3 HDD	c. computer aided design
4. modem	d. International Business machines

Exercise 4. Open brackets using the right words:

1. It (was\were\did) the first commercially successful personal computer to feature a mouse and a graphical user interface (GUI) rather than a command line interface.

2. It (is provided\provides\providing) data and access security.

3. Open VMS (is supporting\supports\is supported) all types of Digital and multivendor networks.

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